The process of mixing two or more different fibers and spinning them. When this is made into yarn, it becomes a blended yarn, and when it comes to fabrics, blended fabrics are made when some or all of the warp and weft threads are made of blended yarn. Blends are made for the following reasons: (1) when it is difficult to spin a certain fiber alone into a yarn suitable for the intended use, different fibers are mixed together to bring out properties that neither fiber has, (2) for economic reasons to make the raw material cheaper when a single fiber is not suitable for consumption purposes, (3) to make up for a shortage of raw materials and use them as a substitute for that fiber, and (4) when it is difficult to spin a single fiber alone, other fibers are added to improve spinnability. Blending requires that fibers be mixed homogeneously into a single thread, but depending on where in the spinning process it is done, it can be divided into raw cotton blending, wrap blending, striper blending, etc. Raw cotton blending is done before the cotton-mixing process, wrap blending before the carding process, and striper blending in the drawing process. The most appropriate method is chosen based on the type of fiber and its performance. The effect of blending is determined by the combination of blended fibers and the blending ratio. In the past, natural fibers were blended with natural fibers, but the recent trend is to blend not only two fibers but also three or more types of fibers, such as synthetic fibers or chemical fibers and natural fibers, chemical fibers and chemical fibers, chemical fibers and chemical fibers, and synthetic fibers and synthetic fibers, and the blending ratios are becoming more diverse with the years. Of these, chemical synthetic fibers can be freely changed in thickness, length, shape, etc., so they can be made with natural fibers such as cotton and wool, and the optimal condition can be achieved by combining them with the traditional performance of natural fibers. The blending ratios of representative products on the market are generally 65-75% and 35-25% for polyester (tetron, terylene, etc.) and cotton, 50-55% and 50-45% for polyacrylic (bonnell, cashmilon, etc.) and wool, and 20-30% and 80-70% for nylon and wool. [Kadoyama Yukihiro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
2種以上の異なる繊維を混合して紡績すること。これを糸にしたものが混紡糸であり、織物では経緯(たてよこ)糸の一部、または全部に混紡糸を用いたものが混紡織物である。混紡するのは、(1)ある繊維が単独では使用目的にかなった糸を紡績することが困難であるとき、異なる繊維を混紡し、両者のもたない性能を発揮させるため、(2)単独の繊維だけでは消費の目的からみて不適当であるため、原料を安価にしようとする経済的理由から、(3)原料の不足を補うため、その繊維の代用として、(4)一つの繊維だけでは紡績がしにくいとき、他の繊維を加え可紡性をよくするため、などである。 混紡は、1本の糸の中へ均質に繊維を混紡することが必要であるが、紡績工程のうちのどこが行うかによって、原綿混紡、ラップ混紡、スライパー混紡などに分けられる。原綿混紡は混打綿工程前に、ラップ混紡は梳綿(そめん)工程前に、またスライパー混紡は練条(れんじょう)工程で行われる。これらは繊維の種類や性能を考慮してもっとも適切な方法がとられる。 混紡の組合せ効果は、混紡繊維の組合せと混紡率によって決められる。古くは天然繊維と天然繊維の混紡であったが、最近の傾向は、合繊または化繊と天然、合繊と化繊、化繊と化繊、合繊と合繊などと、二者の混紡だけでなく3種以上の混紡もあり、年とともに多様化していく傾向にある。このうち化合繊は、太さ・長さ・形などを自由に変えられるので、木綿や羊毛など天然繊維とあわせてつくることができ、従来からもっていた天然繊維の性能とあわせ、最適の状態が得られる。市場にある代表製品の混紡率は、一般にポリエステル(テトロン、テリレンなど)と木綿では、65~75%と35~25%に、ポリアクリル(ボンネル、カシミロンなど)と羊毛では、50~55%と50~45%に、ナイロンと羊毛では、20~30%と80~70%となっている。 [角山幸洋] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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