University of Prague

Japanese: プラハ大学 - ぷらはだいがく
University of Prague

Its official name is Charles University, Univerzita Karlova. It is a traditional university located in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, dating back to the Middle Ages. It was founded in 1348 by Charles I (Charles IV), King of Bohemia, modelled on the University of Paris. The religious reformer Hus also taught at the university and tried to make it an institution for the Czech people. As a result, the conflict between the Czech and German people intensified, and the university temporarily declined. In the 17th century, the university came under the control of the Jesuits, but in 1773 it became an institution for the Czech people again, and regained its vitality. In 1882, it was separated into the Czech University and the German University, and in 1918 the Czech University was named after its founder, Charles University. It was closed from 1939 until the end of World War II. In 1945, after liberation from Nazi rule, the German University was abolished and Charles University was revived as a university for the Czech people. The university has faculties of mathematics and physics, science, law, journalism, philosophy and literature, medicine, pharmacy, education, theology, physical education and sports, and social sciences. As of 1995, the university has approximately 3,000 faculty members and 30,000 students.

[Toru Magose]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

正称としてはカレル大学Univerzita Karlovaである。チェコ共和国の首都プラハにある中世以来の伝統ある大学。1348年ベーメン(ボヘミア)王カレル1世(カール4世)によりパリ大学をモデルに創設された。宗教改革者フスも教壇に立ち、大学をチェコ民族の機関とすべく努力した。その結果、チェコ民族とドイツ民族の対立が激化し、大学は一時的に衰退する。17世紀には大学がイエズス会の支配下に入ったが、1773年ふたたびチェコ民族の機関となり、活力を取り戻した。1882年チェコ大学とドイツ大学に分離し、1918年チェコ大学は創設者の名にちなみカレル大学とよばれた。1939年から第二次世界大戦中は閉鎖されていた。ナチスの支配から解放された1945年ドイツ大学は廃止され、カレル大学はふたたびチェコ民族の大学として復活した。学部は、数学・物理、理学、法学、ジャーナリズム、哲学・文学、医学、薬学、教育学、神学、体育・スポーツ学、社会科学などがある。1995年現在、教員数約3000人、学生数約3万人。

[馬越 徹]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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