A substituted benzene compound. Formerly known as chlorobenzene. A colorless liquid with a distinctive odor. It is synthesized by using iron flakes, or iron chloride, as a catalyst to replace one hydrogen atom in benzene with a chlorine atom. When the substitution chlorination proceeds further, dichlorobenzene is also produced, but this can be removed as it crystallizes when cooled. When reacted with ammonia at high temperature and pressure using copper as a catalyst, aniline is produced, and when reacted with sodium hydroxide, phenol is produced. It is used as a raw material for many organic chemicals and major dye intermediates, as well as a solvent. [Rikuhei Tani [Reference items] | | | | | | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ベンゼン置換体の一つ。古くはクロロベンゾールといわれていた。独特のにおいのする無色の液体。鉄片、塩化鉄を触媒として塩素によりベンゼンの水素原子1個を塩素原子で置換することにより合成する。置換塩素化がさらに進むとジクロロベンゼンも生成するが、冷やすと結晶化するので除くことができる。銅を触媒として高温・高圧でアンモニアと反応させるとアニリンを生成し、水酸化ナトリウムと反応させるとフェノールとなる。多くの有機薬品、主要な染料中間体の原料として用いられるほか、溶剤としても利用されている。 [谷利陸平] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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