A program that exploits security flaws or bugs in the OS or applications to make the computer perform some kind of unauthorized operation. Generally speaking, it refers to a malicious program that has one or all of the following three features: 1) a self-propagating function that spreads to other hosts or files on its own, 2) a dormant function that waits quietly in the host, and 3) an active function that activates when the conditions are met. Viruses can be roughly classified into three types: worms with self-propagating capabilities, Trojan horses with dormant capabilities, and logic bombs with active capabilities. Viruses can also be classified into several types based on their functions and properties. Examples include the traditional executable file/boot record infection virus, macro viruses written in macro languages, memory-resident viruses that hide in the host's memory, and email attachment viruses that use email as an infection route. The world's first computer virus is said to be the Brain virus for VAX, discovered in Israel in 1987. However, the virus was developed to prevent illegal copying of software developed by the software house run by the Brain brothers. If illegal copying was found, the virus would warn users to buy the product, but it did not perform any malicious actions. Source: ASCII.jp Digital Dictionary About ASCII.jp Digital Dictionary Information |
主にOSやアプリケーションのセキュリティ上の欠陥やバグを突き、コンピューターに何らかの不正な動作を行なわせるプログラム。一般的には、①自分の力で他のホストやファイルへ伝染する「自己伝染機能」、②ホストの中でじっと待つ「潜伏機能」、③条件が整ったら活動を始める「発病機能」の3つのいずれか(またはすべて)を備えた不正プログラムを指す。ウイルスを大まかに分類すると、自己伝染機能を持つ「ワーム」、潜伏機能を持つ「トロイの木馬」、発病機能を持つ「ロジックボム」の3種類に分けられる。そのほかウイルスは、機能や性質によってもいくつかに分類される。古くからある「実行ファイル/ブートレコード感染型ウイルス」や、マクロ言語で記述された「マクロ型ウイルス」、ホストのメモリー内に潜む「メモリー常駐型ウイルス」、メールを感染経路に利用した「メール添付型ウイルス」などが挙げられる。なお、世界初のコンピューターウイルスは、1987年にイスラエルで発見された、VAX用のBrainウイルスといわれている。ただし同ウイルスは、Brain兄弟が経営するソフトウェアハウスが開発したソフトの違法コピーを防ぐ目的で開発された。違法コピーをした場合、製品を購入するように警告を発するというもので、悪質な動作を行なうものではなかった。
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