Nuclear fuel material

Japanese: 核燃料物質 - カクネンリョウブッシツ
Nuclear fuel material

A substance that absorbs neutrons in a nuclear reactor, causing a chain reaction of nuclear fission and generating energy, such as 235 U and 239 Pu. Legally, nuclear fuel material is defined in Article 3, Clause 2 of the Atomic Energy Basic Act enacted in 1955 as "a substance that releases high energy in the process of nuclear fission, such as uranium or thorium, and is specified by government ordinance." Article 1 of the Cabinet Order on the Definitions of Nuclear Fuel Material, Nuclear Source Material, Atomic Reactors, and Radiation enacted in 1957 states,

(1) Uranium and its compounds that have a natural ratio of uranium-235 to uranium-238

(2) Uranium and its compounds in which the ratio of uranium 235 to uranium 238 does not reach the natural ratio

(3) Thorium and its compounds

(4) Substances containing one or more of the substances listed in the preceding three items that can be used as fuel in nuclear reactors.

(5) Uranium and its compounds in which the ratio of uranium 235 to uranium 238 exceeds the natural ratio

(6) Plutonium and its compounds

(7) Uranium 235 and its compounds

(8) Substances containing one or more of the substances in the preceding three items

are defined as "nuclear fuel material". Article 52 of the Law on the Regulation of Nuclear Fuel Material, Nuclear Raw Material and Atomic Reactors states that "anyone who intends to use nuclear fuel material must obtain permission from the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology as prescribed by government ordinance", and therefore anyone who uses nuclear fuel material without permission is "punished with imprisonment for not more than three years or a fine of not more than three million yen, or both" (Article 77, Paragraph 8). However, according to Article 15, Paragraphs 1-5 of the Enforcement Order of the same law, even if the item falls under (1)-(8), permission is not required for use if the quantity is 300 grams or less for uranium and 900 grams or less for thorium. Also, according to Article 76, Paragraph 2 of the same law, "anyone who causes a chain reaction of atomic fission or disperses radiation by improperly handling nuclear fuel material, thereby endangering human life, body or property, is punished with imprisonment for not more than ten years." In addition, in accordance with the "Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and the Safety of Radiation Sources" published by the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1996, consideration is currently being given to expanding the scope of regulation to 1 gram or more of uranium and 3 grams or more of thorium.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

原子炉中で中性子を吸収して核分裂反応を連鎖的に起こし,エネルギーを発生する物質で,235U,239Pu などであるが,法律的には昭和30年制定の原子力基本法第3条第2号で,「核燃料物質とは,ウラン,トリウム等原子核分裂の過程において高エネルギーを放出する物質であって,政令で定めるものをいう」と定義されている.昭和32年制定の核燃料物質,核原料物質,原子炉及び放射線の定義に関する政令第1条で,

(1)ウラン235のウラン238に対する比率が天然の混合率であるウラン及びその化合物

(2)ウラン235のウラン238に対する比率が天然の混合率に達しないウラン及びその化合物

(3)トリウム及びその化合物

(4)前3号の物質の一又は二以上を含む物質で原子炉において燃料として使用できるもの

(5)ウラン235のウラン238に対する比率が天然の混合率を超えるウラン及びその化合物

(6)プルトニウム及びその化合物

(7)ウラン235及びその化合物

(8)前3号の物質の一又は二以上を含む物質

が「核燃料物質」と規定されている.核燃料物質,核原料物質及び原子炉の規制に関する法律第52条で,「核燃料物質を使用しようとする者は,政令で定めるところにより,文部科学大臣の許可を受けなければならない」ので,許可を受けないで核燃料物質を使用した者は,「3年以下の懲役若しくは300万円以下の罰金に処し,又はこれを併科する」(第77条8項)となっている.ただし,同法施行令第15条の1~5項によれば,(1)~(8)項に該当しても,数量がウランの場合は300グラム以下,トリウムでは900グラム以下ならば,使用の許可を要しない.また同法第76条の2によると,「核燃料物質をみだりに取り扱うことにより,その原子核分裂の連鎖反応を引き起こし,又はその放射線を発散させて,人の生命,身体又は財産に危険を生じさせた者は,10年以下の懲役」に処せられる.なお,国際原子力機関が1996年に刊行した「電離放射線に対する防護と放射線源の安全のための国際基本安全基準(Basic Safety Standards)」に従って,規制対象をウラン1グラム以上,トリウム3グラム以上に拡げる検討が進められている.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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