The capital of Brazil. It is a planned city built about 1000 km inland from the Atlantic coast of southeastern Brazil. By land, it is 1015 km from São Paulo, 1129 km from Rio de Janeiro, and 2118 km from Belém via the Belém-Brasilia Highway, which was opened at the same time as the city was founded. It has a population of 2,051,146 (2000). Together with seven administrative regions, it constitutes the Federal District (Distrito Federal) with an area of 5,822.1 square kilometers. Within the Federal District, there are more than 10 satellite cities, including Taguatinga, distributed within a 20-50 km radius of the center. It is located at an altitude of 1100 meters in the center of the Brazilian Plateau, near the watershed of the three major rivers Tocantins, San Francisco, and Paraná, and has a relatively comfortable climate with an average annual temperature of 20.7°C and an annual temperature range of 3°C. The annual rainfall is 1,478.1 mm, but there is a clear distinction between the rainy season (October to April) and the dry season (May to September), and the area is surrounded by the Cerrado plain. In Brazil, there had been a movement to build a new capital in the center of the Brazilian highlands as early as the 18th century, and this policy was clearly stated in the First Republic Constitution of 1891, and discussions continued. In 1956, President Joscelino Kubitschek proposed the construction of a new capital to Congress, which was approved, and a public competition was held for master plans for the city. Construction began the following year in 1957 based on a plan by Lucio Costa, who was elected, and the city was inaugurated on April 21, 1960 as the capital replacing Rio de Janeiro. The city was designed in the shape of an airplane derived from the image of a cross, and is composed of two axes, east-west and north-south. Attention was also paid to new concepts in urban design, such as the spatial separation of various functions within the city and the separation of people and cars. To the east, the east-west axis, which corresponds to the fuselage of an airplane facing the artificial lake created by damming the Paranoa River, begins with the Three Powers Square, where the National Assembly, the Presidential Palace, and the Supreme Court are located, and from east to west along Monumental Avenue, are lined with government offices, churches, the National Theatre and banking district, shopping centers and bus terminals, commercial districts, hotel districts, media facilities (television stations, etc.), sports facilities, local government agencies, military facilities, and light industrial districts. Many of the buildings are of innovative design, designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer. Meanwhile, on the north-south axis, which corresponds to the curved wing, are apartment complexes arranged along seven parallel roads of various sizes. The city was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1987 (World Cultural Heritage). [Matsumoto Eiji] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ブラジルの首都。ブラジル南東部の大西洋岸から約1000キロメートル内陸に建設された計画都市である。陸路では、サン・パウロから1015キロメートル、リオ・デ・ジャネイロから1129キロメートル、また都市の創設と同時に開通したベレン・ブラジリア道路を通じてベレンからは2118キロメートルの距離にある。人口205万1146(2000)。七つの行政地域とともに、面積5822.1平方キロメートルの連邦地区(ディストリート・フェデラルDistrito Federal)を構成している。連邦地区内には中心部から20~50キロメートル圏内に、タグアティンガなど10以上の衛星都市が分布している。トカンティンス、サンフランシスコ、パラナの三大河川の分水界付近、ブラジル高原中央部の標高1100メートルの高所に位置し、年平均気温は20.7℃、気温年較差3℃と比較的しのぎやすい気候下にある。年降水量は1478.1ミリメートルであるが、雨期(10~4月)と乾期(5~9月)が明確に分かれており、周囲にはセラード原野が広がっている。 ブラジルでは、すでに18世紀からブラジル高原中央部に新首都を建設しようとする動きがあり、1891年の第一次共和国憲法にこの方針が明記され検討が続けられてきた。1956年、ジュセリーノ・クビチェック大統領が新首都建設を議会に提案し承認され、都市の基本プランが公募された。当選したルシオ・コスタのプランに基づき翌57年に建設に着手し、60年4月21日、それまでのリオ・デ・ジャネイロにかわる首都として発足した。市街地は、十字架のイメージから導かれた航空機の形にデザインされ、東西、南北二つの軸から構成されている。また、都市内諸機能の空間的分離、人と車の分離など都市設計上の新しい概念にも注意が払われている。 東方、パラノア川をせき止めた人造湖に向いた航空機の胴体部にあたる東西軸には、国会議事堂、大統領府、最高裁判所が集まる三権広場に始まり、モヌメンタル大通りに沿って東から西へ、政府官庁群、教会、国立劇場と銀行地区、ショッピング・センターとバス・ターミナル、商業地区、ホテル地区、マスコミ施設(テレビ局など)、スポーツ施設、地方行政機関、軍事施設、軽工業地区が並んでいる。建築家オスカー・ニーマイヤーの設計による斬新(ざんしん)なデザインの建物が多い。一方、弓なりに湾曲した翼の部分にあたる南北軸には、平行に走る大小7本の道路に沿って集合住宅群が配置されている。この都市は1987年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。 [松本栄次] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Brazil - Federal Republic of Brazil
It refers to the sale of weapons to foreign countr...
The remaining nine species live in cold waters, m...
In ancient times, official envoys were sent from ...
A district of Kashihara City in the central-weste...
A plateau in northern Wakayama Prefecture, spanni...
A floating perennial plant of the family Hormonac...
...The formation of the stone pavement, which is ...
It is the act of looking at pattern information s...
…He advocated reducing the cost of maintaining th...
The simplest armor of the Middle Ages, worn only o...
What is the disease? Appendicitis is a disease in...
…In 1700, he inherited 1,920 koku from Yabu, in 1...
...A type of malignant lymphoma. It was first des...
Year of death: February 24, 1613 (April 14, 1613) ...
...A city in southern Saitama Prefecture. Establi...