French philosopher. He criticized science from the standpoint of neo-idealism, introduced teleological thinking into the field of natural science, and argued for the contingency of natural laws. According to him, the mechanistic thinking in natural science reaches the point of cosmological fatalism, but such inevitability of nature is merely apparent, and beyond the chain of causality lies chance and creative freedom. Natural laws are merely a temporary and contingent part of an infinite evolutionary process, and the free creative activity of human beings (art, morality, religion, etc.) is the highest practical purpose of evolution. He was also an accomplished philosophical historian and educator, and nurtured such brilliant philosophers as Bergson, Branswick, and Hamelin. His major works include "The Contingency of the Laws of Nature" (1874) and "Science and Religion in Modern Philosophy" (1908). [Kazuhiro Adachi, June 17, 2015] "Pascal" by Emile Boutroux, translated by Mori Arimasa (1942, Sogensha) " "The Contingency of the Laws of Nature" translated by Noda Matao (1945, Sogensha)" [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの哲学者。新唯心論の立場から科学批判を行い、目的論的な考え方を自然科学の領域に導入し、自然法則の偶然性を主張した。彼によれば、自然科学における機械論的な考え方は、宇宙論的宿命観にまで到達しているが、そのような自然の必然性は見かけ上のものにすぎず、因果の連鎖のかなたに偶然と創造的な自由がある。自然法則は無限の進化過程の一時的・偶然的なものであるにすぎず、人間の自由な創造的活動性(芸術、道徳、宗教など)こそが進化の最高の実践的目的である。哲学史家、教育家としても優れ、ベルクソン、ブランシュビック、アムランらの気鋭の哲学者たちを育てあげた。主著に『自然法則の偶然性』(1874)、『現代哲学における科学と宗教』(1908)などがある。 [足立和浩 2015年6月17日] 『エミィル・ブトルウ著、森有正訳『パスカル』(1942・創元社)』▽『野田又夫訳『自然法則の偶然性』(1945・創元社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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