…It was quickly adopted into French as a European word, and was established in English in the early 17th century. In German, it is translated as Wissenschaft. Therefore, its meaning varies slightly between French-speaking, English-speaking, and German-speaking countries, and even over time. … From [Social Sciences]...The loosest (and therefore broadest) definition of the word science is the use that equates it with academic disciplines in general, and this corresponds to the use of all natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities as sciences. The German word Wissenschaft is often used in this way, and in this case, metaphysics, philology, history of ideas, and Geistesgeschichte, which are included in the humanities, are all called science. When the word science is used in this loose sense, there is no room for a problem in calling social science science science, but considering the fact that social sciences have continued to be strongly influenced by natural sciences in terms of methodology, there may be opinions that the meaning of ``science'' in social science should be interpreted more strictly. From [System]…Modern European philosophy held the view that true knowledge must have a basis, and therefore all knowledge is in a system that traces the connections of its basis back to the ultimate basis, and that knowledge must necessarily become systematic knowledge. During the period of German idealism, the word Wissenschaft (science), especially in the singular form, was popular, because it is a combination of Wissen (knowledge) and the suffix schaft, which indicates a collection, and was convenient for referring to organized knowledge, or systematic knowledge. During this period, it was thought that philosophy should be a Wissenschaft that organizes all fragmentary knowledge into a systematic knowledge. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Wissenschaft" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…ヨーロッパ語としてはフランス語に取り入れられたのが早く,17世紀初期に英語としても定着した。ドイツ語ではこれにWissenschaftという訳語を当てた。したがって,フランス語圏,英語圏,ドイツ語圏,さらには時代によってもその意味内容は微妙にくい違う。… 【社会科学】より…科学という語の最もゆるやかな(したがって広い)規定はこれを学問一般と同一視する用法で,自然科学,社会科学,人文科学をすべて科学と呼ぶ用法はそれにあたる。ドイツ語のWissenschaftという語はしばしばそのような使われ方をし,この場合には人文科学の中に含まれる形而上学や文献学Philologieや思想史history of ideas,Geistesgeschichteなどもすべて科学の名で呼ばれることになる。科学の語をこのようなゆるい意味に用いるときは,社会科学を科学と呼ぶことに問題を生ずる余地はないが,社会科学が方法的に自然科学から強いインパクトを受けつづけてきた事実を考えると,社会科学における〈科学〉の意味をもっと厳格に解するべきだとする意見がでてくる可能性がある。… 【体系】より…近代ヨーロッパ哲学には,真の知は必ずその根拠を有し,したがってすべての知はその根拠づけの連関をたどって究極の根拠にまでさかのぼる一つの組織のうちにあり,知は必然的に〈体系知〉となるべきだ,という考え方があった。ドイツ観念論の時代にWissenschaft(学)という言葉,しかももっぱら単数形のこの言葉が愛用されたが,それはこの言葉がWissen(知)に集合を示す後綴‐schaftが付されており,〈組織化された知〉つまり〈体系知〉を指すのに好都合だったからである。この時代には,哲学はいっさいの断片的な知識を一つの体系知に組織するWissenschaftであるべきだと考えられていたのである。… ※「Wissenschaft」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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