Heaviside, Oliver

Japanese: ヘビサイド（英語表記）Heaviside， Oliver

Born: May 18, 1850, London
[Died] February 3, 1925. Torquay. British electrical engineer and physicist. Encouraged by his uncle C. Wheatstone, he was self-taught. He worked for a telegraph company (1870), but quit (74) due to his hearing problems and devoted himself to theoretical research into electricity. Because he conducted his research using his own mathematical notation, the operandi method, he was forced to self-publish his 1892 Electrical Papers. In it, however, he developed pioneering research into radio wave propagation and telegraphy, and organized Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism into a coherent physical theory. In 1902, he predicted the existence of an ionosphere in the upper atmosphere that reflects electromagnetic waves, and that this allows radio waves to travel along the curved surface of the Earth without diverging. Shortly after this, American A. Kennelly also argued the same thing, so for a long time the ionosphere was called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1850.5.18. ロンドン
[没]1925.2.3. トーケー
イギリスの電気工学者，物理学者。叔父の C.ホイートストンのすすめで独学。電信会社に勤めたが (1870) ，耳が悪くなって退社し (74) ，電気の理論的研究に専念した。独自の数学的表記法である演算子法を使って研究を行なったため，1892年の『電気学論文集』 Electrical Papersは自費出版を余儀なくされたが，そのなかで，電波伝搬，電信に関する先駆的な研究を展開するとともに，マクスウェルの電磁気学理論を首尾一貫した物理学理論へと整理した。 1902年，上層大気中に電磁波を反射する電離層が存在し，このため電波が発散せずに地球の曲面に沿って進行すると予想した。この直後に，同じことをアメリカの A.ケネリーも論じたので，長い間電離層はケネリー＝ヘビサイド層と呼ばれていた。

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