Common law - Normal law

Japanese: 普通法 - ふつうほう

In a broad sense, it means general law that has effect beyond regional specificity. Historically, it refers to the legal system consisting of Roman law and canon law, which was considered to be a universally applicable legal norm beyond nations and ethnicities in the European continent since the Middle Ages (ius commune). It is the opposite of proper law. With the rise of territorial states in the early modern period, its status began to decline relatively, but until the compilation of unified modern legal codes was realized in each country from the 18th to the 19th century, ordinary law, which was legally conceptualized and systematized, was applied as positive law through the courts. Even after the establishment of the code, it continued to maintain its position as a supplementary source of law in some countries, and also played an important role as legal education in the process of training legal professionals. In recent years, there has been a movement to reconsider its historical significance in relation to European integration. In addition, the common law of the Anglo-American law, which is a unified system of case law nationwide, is sometimes translated as ordinary law. → German ordinary law → Related items Church courts | Encyclopedia of Roman Law

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

広義には地域固有性を越えた効力を有する一般法を意味する。歴史的には，中世以降のヨーロッパ大陸で，国家や民族を超えて普遍的に妥当する法規範と考えられていたローマ法と教会法からなる法体系を指す（ius commune）。固有法に対する。近世における領域国家の台頭によってその地位は相対的に低下しはじめるが，18世紀から19世紀にかけて統一的な近代法典の編纂(へんさん)が各国で実現されるまでは，法学的に概念化・体系化された普通法は，裁判所を通じて実定法として適用されていた。法典成立後も一部の国家ではなお補充的法源としての地位を保ち，また法曹養成の過程で重要な法学的教養としての意味を担った。近年，ヨーロッパ統合との関係でその歴史的意義を見直す動きがある。なお，全国統一的な判例法体系である英米法のコモン・ローも普通法と訳されることがある。→ドイツ普通法
→関連項目教会裁判所｜ローマ法大全

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