Butyl Alcohol

C ₄ H ₁₀ O (74.12). Also called butanol. An aliphatic saturated alcohol. There are four isomers of aliphatic saturated alcohols with four carbon atoms, and this is the general term for them. [ I ] n -Butyl alcohol: CH ₃ (CH ₂ ) ₂ CH ₂ OH. Systematic name is 1-butanol. Straight-chain with a hydroxyl group at the terminal carbon. Found in fusel oil. In the laboratory, it can be synthesized from ethanol using magnesium oxide as a catalyst. Industrially, it has been converted from fermentation to petrochemical methods, the latter of which includes the oxo method (oxo synthesis) using propene as a raw material and the dimerization of acetaldehyde. A colorless liquid with a unique odor. Melting point -89.3 °C, boiling point 117.73 °C. 0.8058. 1.3973. Explosive range 1.4-11.2 vol.%. Soluble in various organic solvents, slightly soluble in water. It is used as a solvent either as it is or as an acetate ester, as a plasticizer as a phthalate ester, and as a raw material for the synthesis of octyl alcohol. [CAS 71-36-3] [ II ] sec -Butyl alcohol: _CH3CH (OH) _CH2CH3 . Systematic name is 2-butanol. Industrial production involves the sulfuric acid absorption hydrolysis of linear butenes. A colorless liquid with a strong pleasant odor. Melting point -114.7°C, boiling point 99.50°C. Solubility 0.8023. _1.3949 . Easily soluble in ethanol and ether, slightly soluble in water. Optical isomers exist. Its main use is as a raw material for the synthesis of ethyl methyl ketone, and it is also used as a solvent and raw material for the synthesis of plasticizers. [CAS 78-92-2] [ III ] tert -Butyl alcohol: ( _CH3 ) _3C (OH). Systematic name is 2-methyl-2-propanol. The industrial production method is the sulfuric acid absorption hydrolysis of isobutene. It forms rhombic columnar or plate-shaped crystals and is a white solid with a camphor odor. Melting point 25.66 °C, boiling point 82.57 °C. Solubility 0.7808. 1.3854. Easily soluble in water, ethanol, and ether. Forms an azeotropic mixture with water. It has the highest reactivity of all alcohols with four carbon atoms. It is used as a tert -butylating agent, but has few industrial applications. [CAS 75-65-0][See other terms]Isobutyl alcohol

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

C₄H₁₀O(74.12)．ブタノールともいう．脂肪族飽和アルコール類の一つ．炭素数4の脂肪族飽和アルコールには4種類の異性体が存在し，これらの総称として用いられる．【Ⅰ】n-ブチルアルコール：CH₃(CH₂)₂CH₂OH．体系名は1-ブタノール．直鎖状で，末端炭素にヒドロキシ基をもつ．フーゼル油中に存在する．製法は，実験室的には，エタノールから酸化マグネシウム触媒により合成できる．工業的には，発酵法から石油化学法へと転換されており，後者にはプロペンを原料とするオキソ法(オキソ合成)とアセトアルデヒドを二量化する方法とがある．独特な臭いをもつ無色の液体．融点－89.3 ℃，沸点117.73 ℃．0.8058．1.3973．爆発範囲1.4～11.2体積％．各種有機溶剤に可溶，水に微溶．そのまま，または酢酸エステルとして溶剤に，フタル酸エステルとして可塑剤に，またオクチルアルコールの合成原料などに用いられる．[CAS 71-36-3]【Ⅱ】sec-ブチルアルコール：CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₃．体系名は2-ブタノール．工業的製法には，直鎖状ブテン類の硫酸吸収加水分解法がある．強い快香を有する無色の液体．融点－114.7 ℃，沸点99.50 ℃．0.8023．1.3949．エタノール，エーテルに易溶，水に微溶．光学異性体がある．おもな用途はエチルメチルケトンの合成原料で，ほかに溶剤および可塑剤合成原料となる．[CAS 78-92-2]【Ⅲ】tert-ブチルアルコール：(CH₃)₃C(OH)．体系名は2-メチル-2-プロパノール．工業的製法には，イソブテンの硫酸吸収加水分解法がある．斜方柱状あるいは板状晶をつくり，ショウノウ臭をもつ白色の固体．融点25.66 ℃，沸点82.57 ℃．0.7808．1.3854．水，エタノール，エーテルに易溶．水と共沸混合物をつくる．炭素数4のアルコール中，反応性はもっとも高い．tert-ブチル化剤として使われるが，工業的な用途は少ない．[CAS 75-65-0][別用語参照]イソブチルアルコール

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