…The term "manager" means someone who manages something, but in Japan, the term "manager" usually refers to someone who manages a company (private or public), and rarely refers to someone who is in charge of management in other organizations. In this respect, it is used in a narrower sense than the words "management" and "manager," which are also used in the case of organizations other than companies. However, today in Japan, terms such as "school manager" and "hospital manager" are becoming quite commonly used. … *Some of the terminology used to refer to "lower management" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…経営者とは経営する人の意味であるが,日本で経営者といった場合,通常は企業(私企業,公企業)において経営を行う人をさし,それ以外の組織において経営を担当している人をさすことは少ない。この点では,managementとかmanagerという言葉が企業以外の組織の場合にも使われるのに比べ,狭い意味に使われる。もっとも今日では日本でも,学校経営者とか病院経営者などの呼称は,かなり一般に使われるようになってきている。… ※「下級管理層」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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