A literary movement that developed from the mid-1910s to the late 1920s, mainly among young Russian researchers and linguists. In Russia, it is simply called "Formalism." It argued that the subject of literary research should not be "literature, but literariness, that is, what makes a work a literary work." Its main members include Yakobson and PG Bogatyryov (1893-1971) of the Moscow Linguistic Circle, which was founded in 1915, and Shklovsky, Eichenbaum, Tomashevsky, and Tynyanov of the Society for the Study of Poetic Language, which was founded in 1916. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1910年代半ばから20年代末にかけてロシアの若手研究者や言語学者を中心に展開された文学運動。ロシアでは単に〈フォルマリズムformalizm〉と呼ぶ。〈文学ではなくて,文学性,つまりある作品をして文学作品たらしめているもの〉こそ文学研究の対象とすべきであると主張した。おもなメンバーとしては,1915年に設立されたモスクワ言語学サークルのヤコブソン,ボガトゥイリョフP.G.Bogatyryov(1893‐1971),1916年に設立されたオポヤーズ(詩的言語研究会)のシクロフスキー,エイヘンバウム,トマシェフスキー,トゥイニャーノフらがあげられる。
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