Fuseya

These are lodgings where travelers are given food and other items to rest, and appear in Buddhist scriptures as "Fukutokusha." During the Nara and Heian periods, many of the people conscripted to transport and build tributes died of disease and starvation on the way to and from the capital, so these were set up at important transportation points and difficult places to access as accommodation for them. The most famous is the nine almshouses built by Gyoki in the Kinai region in the first half of the 8th century. Todaiji Temple also established an almshouse in Toichi County, Yamato Province. In 815 (Kōnin 6), Saichō built two temples, Kōsai and Kōjō, in Nagasaka (Misaka Pass) in Shinano, and in 835 (Jowa 2), the Daijōkan had the monks of Daian-ji Temple supervise the construction of almshouses on both banks of the Sunomata River in Mino. Similar facilities built by local officials were called "Kyūin" (emergency hospitals) or "Zokumei-in" (continuous hospitals).

[Masataka Nakai]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

旅行者に食料などを施して休息させる宿舎で、仏典には「福徳舎」とみえる。奈良・平安時代に、調庸(ちょうよう)の運搬や造営に徴発された人民は、都との往来の途中、病気や飢えのため死ぬ者が多く、彼らを宿泊させる施設として、交通の要地や難所に設けられた。8世紀前半、行基(ぎょうき)が畿内(きない)に九所の布施屋を建てたのがもっとも著名。東大寺も大和(やまと)国十市(といち)郡に布施屋を設けている。815年（弘仁6）最澄(さいちょう)は信濃(しなの)の長坂（神坂(みさか)峠）に広済(こうさい)、広拯(こうじょう)の二院を建て、835年（承和2）太政(だいじょう)官は大安寺僧に監督させて美濃(みの)の墨俣(すのまた)川の両岸に布施屋を造立した。なお、地方官が建てた同種の施設は、「救急院」あるいは「続命院」とよばれている。

［中井真孝］

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