The indigenous Polynesians of New Zealand. The first migration is thought to have taken place before the 9th century. Around 1350, there was another large-scale migration from Tahiti, and with it the Maori culture blossomed. The largest unit of traditional social organization, the waka (tribal alliance), was formed by the descendants of those who traveled on the same ship when a large fleet arrived on the island in the 14th century. The largest unit of social function was the iu (tribe), which shared a common ancestor, but the most important unit in daily life, such as sharing land, was the hapuu (clan), a subgroup. They formed villages around forts, and made their living by digging and collecting sweet potatoes, yams, taro, gourds, and other crops. Maori carving techniques were famous, and village meeting halls were decorated with many statues of gods and spiral patterns. They worshiped the supreme god Io, the forest god Tane, and the sea god Tangaroa, but have now converted to Christianity. The population of the New Zealanders accounts for approximately 15% of the total population of New Zealand (2007), and they respect traditional culture while skillfully adapting to modern culture. (→New Zealand History) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ニュージーランドのポリネシア系先住民。初期の移住は 9世紀以前に行なわれたと考えられる。1350年頃に再びタヒチ方面より大移住があり,それとともにマオリ文化の開花をみた。伝統的社会組織の最大単位ワカ(部族連盟)は,伝承のうえで,14世紀に大船団を組んで来島した際に船を同じくした者の子孫により形成されている。社会的に機能する最大単位は,先祖を共有するイウ(部族)であるが,土地を共有するなど日常生活に最も重要なのは,その下位集団のハプウ(氏族)であった。砦を中心に村落を形成し,サツマイモ,ヤムイモ,タロイモ,ヒョウタンなどの掘棒耕作や森林採集などを生業としていた。マオリの彫刻技術は有名で,村の集会所は多くの神像や螺旋文様で飾られていた。最高神イオ,森林神タネ,海神タンガロアなどを信仰していたが,現在ではキリスト教化している。人口はニュージーランド総人口の約 15%を占め(2007),伝統文化を尊重するとともに,近代文化に巧みに適応した生活を送っている。(→ニュージーランド史)
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