Paul, Hermann

Japanese: パウル(英語表記)Paul, Hermann
Paul, Hermann
Born: August 7, 1846 in Magdeburg
Died December 29, 1921. German linguist. Professor at the University of Freiburg and then at the University of Munich. He devoted himself to the historical study of the Indo-European language family, especially the Germanic languages, and played the role of theoretical leader of the Young Grammar School with his linguistic methodology. In Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte (1880), he argued that the study of language must be historical, and he pursued the causes of language change primarily from a psychological perspective. His other works include Deutsches Wörterbuch (German Dictionary) (97) and Deutsche Grammatik (German Grammar) (1916-20). He also edited Grundriss der germanischen Philologie (3 volumes, 1891), which has been published to this day as the highest authority.

Paul
Paul, Wolfgang

Born: August 10, 1913, Lorentz Kirch
[Died] December 6, 1993.
German physicist. He received his doctorate from the Technical University of Berlin in 1939. He became a lecturer at the University of Göttingen (1944), and later a professor (1950). He has been a professor at the University of Bonn since 1952. He developed a technique called the "Paul trap," which uses an alternating electric field to confine electrons or ions, which are charged atoms, in a small space for long periods of time. This enabled precise verification of atomic characteristics and physical theories, and laid the foundation for mass spectrometry. He also applied this method to establish a method for isolating specific ions from a group of different ions. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989, along with NF Ramsey and HG Dehmelt.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1846.8.7. マクデブルク
[没]1921.12.29. ミュンヘン
ドイツの言語学者。フライブルク大学,次いでミュンヘン大学の教授。インド=ヨーロッパ語族,特にゲルマン語派の歴史的研究に力を注ぎ,その言語学方法論をもって青年文法学派の理論的指導者の役割を果した。『言語史原理』 Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte (1880) では,言語の研究は歴史的でなければならないことを説き,言語の変化の原因を,主として心理学的に追究した。ほかに,『ドイツ語辞典』 Deutsches Wörterbuch (97) ,『ドイツ語文法』 Deutsche Grammatik (1916~20) などの著書がある。また,『ゲルマン文献学大系』 Grundriss der germanischen Philologie (3巻,1891) を編集,その後,この叢書は最高権威として今日まで続刊している。

パウル
Paul, Wolfgang

[生]1913.8.10. ローレンツキルヒ
[没]1993.12.6.
ドイツの物理学者。 1939年ベルリン工科大学で博士号を取得。ゲッティンゲン大学講師 (1944) ,のち教授 (50) 。 52年からボン大学教授。電子や電荷を帯びた原子であるイオンを,交流電場を使って狭い空間に長時間閉じ込める「パウル・トラップ」と呼ばれる手法を開発。原子の特徴と物理理論の精密な検証を可能とし,質量分析の基礎を築いた。また,この方法を応用して違ったイオン集団の中から特定のイオンを分離する手法を確立した。 N.F.ラムゼー,H.G.デーメルトとともに 89年ノーベル物理学賞を受賞。

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