Pskov (English spelling)

Japanese: プスコフ（英語表記）Pskov

The capital of Pskov Oblast in northwestern Russia. It is located about 14 km upstream from the mouth of the Belikaya River, which flows into Lake Pskov (→ Lake Chud). It is one of the oldest cities in Russia, having been established as a trade center with the Baltic Sea region from early on, and was recorded in the chronicle as Pleskov in 903. It was occupied by the Teutonic Knights in 1240, but was recaptured by Alexander Nevsky's army two years later, and reached its peak. In 1348, it became an independent republic and joined the Hanseatic League, but was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1510, and declined after a major fire in the early 18th century. Many buildings from the 12th to 18th centuries remain, including the Troitsky Cathedral (Holy Trinity Cathedral, 1682-99) inside the Kremlin (fortress). Among them, 10 churches and monasteries and related facilities designed by a group of architects known as the Pskov School of Architecture, which reached its peak in the 15th and 16th centuries, were registered as cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites in 2019. Machinery manufacturing and flax processing industries are located here. There are a pedagogical university, a history and art museum, etc. It is located about 250 km south-southwest of St. Petersburg and is connected by railway and highway. Population 203,281 (2010 provisional).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ロシア北西部，プスコフ州の州都。プスコフ湖（→チュド湖）に注ぐベリーカヤ川の河口から約 14km上流に位置する。早くからバルト海沿岸地方との交易の中心地として開けたロシア最古の都市の一つで，年代記の 903年にプレスコフ Pleskovの名で記録されている。1240年ドイツ騎士団によって占領されたが，2年後にアレクサンドル・ネフスキーの軍が奪回し最盛期を迎えた。1348年には共和国として独立し，ハンザ同盟に加わったが，1510年にモスクワ大公国に併合され，18世紀初めの大火以後衰微した。クレムリン（城塞）内のトロイツキー大聖堂（至聖三者大聖堂，1682～99）をはじめ，12～18世紀の建築物が数多く残され，そのうち 15～16世紀に最盛期を迎えたプスコフ建築派と呼ばれる一群の建築家たちが手がけた 10の教会・修道院とそれらの関連施設が 2019年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。機械製造，アマ（亜麻）加工の工業が立地する。教育大学，歴史・芸術博物館などがある。サンクトペテルブルグの南南西約 250kmにあたり，鉄道，ハイウェーで結ばれる。人口 20万3281（2010暫定）。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Booster - Booster (English spelling)

>>: Buzuk (English spelling)