Thermal spraying

Japanese: 溶射 - ようしゃ（英語表記）thermal spraying

A technology that uses a combustion flame of flammable gas or electrical energy such as an arc to melt and blow away materials, and then adhere and laminate them to the surface of a substrate to form a coating. There are many types of thermal spraying methods. Gas thermal spraying includes flame spraying, which uses a combustion flame of oxygen and acetylene or propane to melt the material and form a coating, and detonation spraying, which suspends fine powder materials in a mixture of oxygen and acetylene and instantly explodes and burns them to form a coating on the substrate surface. On the other hand, methods that use electrical energy include arc spraying, which generates an arc between the tips of two metal wires, blows away the molten part with compressed air, and adheres and laminates it to the substrate surface to form a coating, and plasma spraying, which uses an arc to turn inert gases such as argon (Ar) or helium (He), and sends the spray powder into an ultra-high temperature, high-speed flow, where it melts and accelerates to form a coating. In particular, plasma spraying in a reduced pressure atmosphere is used to spray high-melting point metals and ceramics, and its range of applications is expanding from heat-resistant coatings for aircraft and gas turbines to the more recent production of functional thin films for oxide superconducting materials and fuel cells.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

可燃性ガスによる燃焼炎あるいはアークなどの電気エネルギーを用いて，材料を溶融させて吹飛ばし，基材表面に付着・積層させて皮膜を形成する技術。溶射の方法には多くの種類がある。ガス溶射には，酸素とアセチレンやプロパンなどの燃焼炎で材料を溶融して皮膜を形成するフレーム溶射と，酸素とアセチレンの混合ガス中に微粉末材料を浮遊させ，瞬間的に爆発燃焼させ基材表面に皮膜を形成する爆発溶射がある。一方，電気エネルギーを利用する方法には，2本の金属線材の先端の間にアークを発生させ，溶融した部分を圧縮空気で吹飛ばし基材表面に付着・積層させ皮膜を形成させるアーク溶射と，アルゴン Arやヘリウム Heなどの不活性ガスをアークによってプラズマ化し，超高温，高速流中に溶射粉末を送給し，溶融させつつ加速して，皮膜を形成するプラズマ溶射がある。特に減圧雰囲気中でのプラズマ溶射は，高融点金属やセラミックスの溶射に用いられ，航空機やガスタービンの耐熱被覆から，最近では酸化物超伝導材料や燃料電池などの機能性薄膜の作製まで，適用範囲の幅が広がっている。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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