Lamprecht - Karl Lamprecht

Japanese: ランプレヒト - らんぷれひと(英語表記)Karl Lamprecht
Lamprecht - Karl Lamprecht

German historian. Born into a pastor's family. Studied at the University of Göttingen and the University of Leipzig. After graduating from the University of Bonn (1885-90) and the University of Marburg (1890), he became a professor at the University of Leipzig (1891-1915). During this time he also served as the rector of the University of Leipzig (1910-11), established the Institute for Cultural and World History at the university, and initiated research into local history and historical geography. He specialized in medieval economic history, and his first book, Economic Life in Medieval Germany (4 volumes, 1885-86), was a groundbreaking work in economic history, using a huge amount of agricultural historical material and making full use of statistical methods. At the time, the mainstream of German historiography was interested in political history and incident history, viewing history solely as the actions of individuals and refusing to generalize. In contrast, Lamprecht focused on the economic life and social systems of the common people, placing emphasis on patterns and laws. He took this view of history a step further in his major work, The History of Germany (first half, volumes 1-5, 1891-95), where he expanded the scope of history to include a wide range of fields, including politics, economics, society, and culture, and advocated establishing history as a law-based science. This led to a fierce methodological debate between him and the mainstream of historical thought in the 1890s. However, his claim that the basic factors of human life lie in psychology and that the development of history is divided into five stages - symbolism, typology, conventionalism, individualism, and subjectivism - was unreasonable, and he ended up being isolated in the aforementioned debate. Furthermore, the second half of The History of Germany (vols. 6-12, 1904-09) did not receive the same high praise as the first half.

[Kitani Tsutomu]

"German Historians, Vol. 3" edited by Wöhler and translated by the Society for the Study of Contemporary German History (Miraisha, 1983)

[References] | German History

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの歴史家。牧師の家に生まれる。ゲッティンゲン大学、ライプツィヒ大学に学ぶ。ボン大学(1885~90)、マールブルク大学(1890)を経てライプツィヒ大学教授(1891~1915)となる。この間ライプツィヒ大学総長(1910~11)も務め、同大学に「文化史・世界史研究所」を設立し、地方史や歴史地理学の研究をおこした。彼は中世経済史を専攻し、その最初の著作『中世ドイツの経済生活』(4巻、1885~86)は、膨大な農業関係史料を利用し、統計的方法も駆使して、経済史研究として画期的なものであった。当時ドイツ歴史学の主流は、政治史、事件史に関心を集め、歴史をもっぱら個人の行為としてとらえ、一般化を拒否した。これに対しランプレヒトは民衆の経済生活や社会制度に光をあて、類型や法則を重視した。このような歴史観は、主著『ドイツ史』(前半、第1~5巻、1891~95)においてさらに一歩進められ、歴史の対象を政治、経済、社会、文化の広範な分野に拡大し、歴史学を法則科学として樹立することを説いた。このため、1890年代歴史学界の主流との間に激しい方法論争が闘わされた。しかし、人間生活の基本要因を心理にみいだし、歴史の発展を象徴主義、類型主義、因習主義、個性主義、主観主義の5段階に分けるという彼の主張には無理があり、先述の論争でも孤立したままに終わった。また『ドイツ史』の後半第6~12巻(1904~09)も前半のように高い評価を得られなかった。

[木谷 勤]

『ヴェーラー編、ドイツ現代史研究会訳『ドイツの歴史家 第3巻』(1983・未来社)』

[参照項目] | ドイツ史

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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