Fushidansekkyo - Fushidansekkyo

A storytelling technique used in Buddhism to preach scriptures and doctrines. It refers to a poetic, dramatic, and emotional sermon that appeals to the senses of the audience by adding rhythm to the words and using a beautiful voice and gestures to express the theatrical expression. It is thought to have been practiced since the introduction of Buddhism, but the foundations for the development of Fushidansekkyo were laid by the Agui school, established by the Tendai sect's father and son Choken (1126-1203) and Shogaku (1167-1235), and the Miidera school, founded by Joen during the Kangen era (1243-47). The Agui school was incorporated into the Jodo and Jodo Shinshu sects, and Fushidansekkyo flourished especially in the Shinshu sect. In the early modern period, a set of five stages (Sandai, Hosetsu, Hiyu, Innen, and Kekkan) was created, and many masters were produced. Many schools such as Noto-bushi, Kaga-bushi, Aki-bushi, Owari-bushi, Tobo-ryu, and Tsubakihara-ryu were born, and the tradition continued into the early Showa period.

Fushidansekkyo, which flourished in various regions, had a strong influence on the development of Japanese tales and the art of storytelling, but it declined with the modernization of Buddhism and suddenly collapsed after World War II. Today, only a few people remain who transmit the tradition throughout the country.

[Kazuo Sekiyama]

"The History of Preaching" by Kazuo Sekiyama (Iwanami Shinsho)" ▽ "Sermons : An Invitation from the Buried History of Performing Arts, edited by the Actor's Small Theatre Performing Arts Research Laboratory (1974, Fumaisha)" ▽ "Seventy Years of Fushidan Sekkyo" by Shonen Sobue (1985, Banseisha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

仏教で経典や教義を説くための話芸的な技巧。ことばに節(ふし)（抑揚）をつけ、美声とゼスチュアをもって演技的表出をとりながら聴衆の感覚に訴える詩的、劇的な情念の説教をいう。仏教伝来のときから行われたと思われるが、節談説教発展の基盤をつくったのは、天台宗の澄憲(ちょうけん)（1126―1203）・聖覚(しょうがく)（1167―1235）父子が樹立した安居院(あぐい)流と、寛元(かんげん)年間（1243～47）に定円(じょうえん)が創始した三井寺(みいでら)派であった。安居院流は浄土宗と浄土真宗に入り、とくに真宗で節談説教が栄えた。近世には五段法（讃題(さんだい)、法説(ほうせつ)、譬喩(ひゆ)、因縁(いんねん)、結勧(けっかん)）という型をつくり、幾多の名手を生んだ。能登(のと)節、加賀節、安芸(あき)節、尾張(おわり)節、東保(とうぼ)流、椿原(つばきはら)流など多数の流儀を生じ、その伝統は昭和初期にまで及んだ。

　各地で隆盛だった節談説教は、日本の語物や話芸の成立に強い影響を与えたが、仏教の近代化のなかで衰退し、第二次世界大戦後急激に崩壊した。今日では全国に数人の伝承者が残存するのみである。

［関山和夫］

『関山和夫著『説教の歴史』（岩波新書）』▽『俳優小劇場芸能研究室編『説教　埋もれた芸能史からの招待』（1974・風媒社）』▽『祖父江省念著『節談説教七十年』（1985・晩聲社）』

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