[Born] circa 1595. Chigirin? [Died] August 16, 1657. Chigirin. Hetman of the Zaporozhian (Ukrainian) Cossacks. Educated in Poland, he fought alongside the Polish army against the Turks, but after clashing with the Polish governor, he joined the Zaporozhian Cossacks and became their hetman (1648-57). He led the Cossacks and peasants who suffered under Polish rule in attacks on Poland, and although he won many victories, he was finally defeated and in 1654 he sought protection from the Russian Tsar Alexei I. The Russian army responded by fighting Poland, and Ukraine (on the left bank of the Dnepr River) was able to break away from Polish rule, but the dream of autonomy was not realized, and Russian rule was gradually established instead. Khmelnitsky |
[生]1595頃.チギリン? [没]1657.8.16. チギリン ザポロージエ (ウクライナ) ・コサックのヘトマン (首領) 。ポーランドで教育を受け,ポーランド軍とともにトルコ軍と戦ったが,ポーランド人総督と衝突して,ザポロージエ・コサックのもとへ行き,そのヘトマン (1648~57) となった。そこでポーランドの支配に苦しむコサックと農民を率いてポーランドに攻撃をしかけ,しばしば勝利を獲得したが,ついに敗れ,1654年ロシア皇帝アレクセイ1世に保護を求めるにいたった。ロシア軍はそれを受けて,ポーランドと戦い,ウクライナ (ドネプル川左岸) はポーランド支配から脱することができたが,自治の夢は実現されず,代ってロシアによる支配が漸次確立された。 フメリニツキー
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