Khmel'nitskii, Bogdan Mikhailovich

Japanese: フメリニツキー(英語表記)Khmel'nitskii, Bogdan Mikhailovich
Khmel'nitskii, Bogdan Mikhailovich
[Born] circa 1595. Chigirin?
[Died] August 16, 1657. Chigirin. Hetman of the Zaporozhian (Ukrainian) Cossacks. Educated in Poland, he fought alongside the Polish army against the Turks, but after clashing with the Polish governor, he joined the Zaporozhian Cossacks and became their hetman (1648-57). He led the Cossacks and peasants who suffered under Polish rule in attacks on Poland, and although he won many victories, he was finally defeated and in 1654 he sought protection from the Russian Tsar Alexei I. The Russian army responded by fighting Poland, and Ukraine (on the left bank of the Dnepr River) was able to break away from Polish rule, but the dream of autonomy was not realized, and Russian rule was gradually established instead.

Khmelnitsky
Khmel'nitskii

Proskurov until 1954. Capital of Khmelnytsky Oblast in western Ukraine. Located about 280 km west-southwest of the capital, Kiev, on the upper reaches of the South Bug River. Known since the late 15th century, it was established as a city in 1795. Its main industries are manufacturing of transformers, tractor parts, forges and presses, food products (sugar, dairy products, meat), sewing, and shoemaking. Facilities include a technical university, a symphony orchestra, and a local museum. A key railway location, where the Lvov-Odessa and Chernivtsy-Korosten railways cross. Population: 245,000 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1595頃.チギリン?
[没]1657.8.16. チギリン
ザポロージエ (ウクライナ) ・コサックのヘトマン (首領) 。ポーランドで教育を受け,ポーランド軍とともにトルコ軍と戦ったが,ポーランド人総督と衝突して,ザポロージエ・コサックのもとへ行き,そのヘトマン (1648~57) となった。そこでポーランドの支配に苦しむコサックと農民を率いてポーランドに攻撃をしかけ,しばしば勝利を獲得したが,ついに敗れ,1654年ロシア皇帝アレクセイ1世に保護を求めるにいたった。ロシア軍はそれを受けて,ポーランドと戦い,ウクライナ (ドネプル川左岸) はポーランド支配から脱することができたが,自治の夢は実現されず,代ってロシアによる支配が漸次確立された。

フメリニツキー
Khmel'nitskii

1954年までプロスクーロフ Proskurov。ウクライナ西部,フメリニツキー州の州都。首都キエフの西南西約 280km,南ブーグ川上流部にのぞむ。 15世紀後半から知られ,1795年市となった。変圧器,トラクタ部品,鍛造・プレス機などの製造業,食品工業 (砂糖,乳製品,食肉) ,縫製,製靴などが主要工業である。工科大学,交響楽団,郷土博物館などの施設をもつ。鉄道の要地で,リボフ-オデッサ間,チェルノフツイ-コロステン間の鉄道が交差する。人口 24万 5000 (1991推計) 。

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