Shinobu - Shinobu

Japanese: 忍 - しのぶ

[1] (Ta-ba-jo-ni) ① To suppress feelings. To avoid expressing painful emotions. ※Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 17: 3940 "My heart melted for ages, and as I looked at the hands of my son who had committed crimes, I became a shinobi. " ※Genji (c. 1001-14), Hazuki "I will endure my painful feelings and find an opportunity to change my mind." ② To make actions less conspicuous. To hide and avoid people's eyes. ※Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 6:965 "If it were an ordinary person , I would be afraid of this, but I have been enduring my painful sleeves." ③ To endure. To be patient. ※Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 16.3795 "I will endure the humiliation and keep silent without saying anything. "[2] 〘Tabas 5 (4)〙① Same as ( 1)①. ※Heichu (around 965) 2 "When many people are seen in the office, I will speak out." ② Same as (1)②. ※Fuzoku-ka (early 9th century - mid 11th century) Koguruma "When you come in at night , please do it . I will endure, my child. I will endure ." ※Heike (early 13th century) 12 "I heard that the descendants of the Heike clan are widely mourned in Kyoto." ③ Same as (1)③. ※Hoshishinshu (around 1216) 3 “Because of the deep desire and the patience with which one endures pain, it is surely a great offering.” [Essay history] (1) In ancient times, there was a distinction between the A and B categories of “no,” a distinction between clear and voiced sounds of “fu” and “bu,” and differences in conjugation between the 4th and 2nd grades.
(2) In the Middle Ages, the distinction between the graded and ungraded forms of "no" disappeared and the "fu" in "shinofu" became a voiced consonant. As a result, the idea of "hiding love" ("secret love"), which expresses in a multilayered way the desire to meet someone who cannot be met ("shinofu") and the refusal to express one's earnest feelings ("shinobu"), became favored as a literary expression.
(3) The potential form, which is often used to express negation or will, was attracted to "shinobu" (fourth stage) and has been seen in the form "shinoba" since the early Middle Ages. Eventually, the difference in meaning was no longer expressed by the difference in word form, and assimilation with "shinobu" (fourth stage) spread to all conjugated forms. "Shinobu (ninja)" (fourth stage) in (2) was born in this way.
(4) Since the conjunctive form, which accounts for the majority of examples, cannot be distinguished between the upper two-step conjugation and the four-step conjugation, I have provisionally placed the examples of the conjunctive form up to the Middle Ages in (1), and those from the Middle Ages onwards in (2).
(5) In modern Japanese, the four-step conjugation is the norm, but as an exception, the upper two-step form remains in the form "...suru shinobi nai (shinobi zu)." → shinobi nai

Shinobi [ninja]

〘Noun〙 (The noun derived from the conjunctive form of the verb "shinobu (to be patient)") 1. To make oneself inconspicuous. To hide and avoid people's attention. ※Shoki (720), before the accession of Anko (Tosho-ryo Honin) " Here , the prince, wanting to attack Prince Anaho, secretly arranged his troops." 2. The shadow of something that is not noticeable to people. ※Kusakonshu (around 1473), 9 "The cries of a bird that has been separated from its use in some age, are heard secretly among the reeds." 3. To endure. To be patient. ※Horaikyoku (1891)〈Kitamura Toukoku〉3 "Having been completely deceived by my hopes and future, my heart has long since lost the patience to sit and wait for the deception of the world . "④ = Shinobiaruki (ninja walk)※Daiki-Hōen 2nd year (1136) December 21st "The vanguard is _one _{and the} same, for they are spies."⑤ Abbreviation of "Shinobi no jutsu (ninja technique)." ※Old type Zhuangzi excerpt (around 1620) 8 "He will use his skilled ninja skills to stab and kill me."⑥ Abbreviation of "ninja." ※Taiheiki (late 14th century) 20 "He took a skilled ninja to Mt. Hachiman and set fire to the shrine." ⑦ = Shinobigatana (ninja sword) ※Joruri, Sugawara Denju Tenarai Kagami (1746) 4 "The tip of the ninja's sword is relaxed, <abbreviated> He is waiting with his saliva in his mouth." ⑧ Abbreviation of "shinobiai (ninja encounter)." ※Sakehon, Jibokkyo (1789) Kento Isha "Such a wandering person is not a ninja's tactic." ⑨ An ambush. ※Kyowa, Toku Waka Go Banzaishu (1785) 3 "The ninja's face is disturbed in the midst of the archery camp." ⑩ A person who steals someone else's property secretly. Theft. ※Rokuen Nikki - Tenbun 8 (1539), May 16th "The Inryo-e ninja _stole something"

Nin [ninja]

〘Noun〙① To endure, to be patient. ※Jikkunsho (1252) 8 "This is an example of a person who is rewarded for believing in patience." [Book of Documents - Junchen] ② A Buddhist term. (a) It is generally used to explain the three meanings of patience, tranquility, and understanding. To endure insults from others, be unmoved by one's own suffering, understand the true principles, and be at peace with one's mind. ※Kyogyoshinsho (1224) 3 "In this way _one can attain joy, understanding, _and _patience through faith." [Suttamankyo - Shojusho] (b) It refers to the art of patience, one of the four roots of virtue that are the stages of training. It refers to the stage where one clearly grasps the principles of the Four Noble Truths, has established roots of virtue, and will no longer fall into evil realms. ※Ojoyoshu (984-985) Daibun 10 "As if one could endure the height of patience _again ."

Shinoba-ser [ninja]

〘Tasa ni ichi〙 (Derived from the 5th step verb "shinobu (ninja)" combined with the auxiliary verb "seru") ① To put something away quietly so that others do not notice. To keep it hidden. ※Joruri, Twelve Stages (around 1610-15) 5 "A sho flute and a flute with four flutes were placed in a rosewood arrow holder and hidden at the side of the horseman." ② To make something not conspicuous. To hide. ※No Longer Human (1948) <Dazai Osamu> Third Note "Unconsciously making sneaky footsteps, I arrived in front of Shizuko's room in the apartment"

Shinu-bu [ninja]

(The word was created by pronouncing "nu" for "no", "do", "tsubu", "no", etc., which are currently considered to be in the A-class of "no", and then pronouncing "shinobu" as "shinubu", which was then extended to "shinobu"). To endure quietly. Also, to be secretive and not to be noticed. *Ryokan's poem (around 1835) "I can't bear the hazy, long spring days, as evening comes, leaving the village in the dark."

Shinobura/ Ushinoburafu [Ninja]

〘Ta Ha 4〙 (The repeated and continuous form of the upper two-stage verb "shinobu (endure)") To endure forever. To continue to suppress emotions. To die. ※Man'yoshu (late 8th century) 16.3791 "Even when the chamberlains were at home, the Shinobu sutra and others returned, gazing at them." [Additional note] The "fu" at the end of the word is likely to be an auxiliary verb for repetition and continuity, but there is no definite opinion as to the origin of the word form "shinoburafu."

Oshi [Ninja]

The name of the center of Gyoda City, Saitama Prefecture. Formerly known as Oshi Town. During the Entoku era ( 1489-92 ), Narita Chikayasu built Oshi Castle here. In 1590 , the castle was attacked by water by Ishida Mitsunari. During the Edo period, it developed as a castle town for the Oshi clan. The samurai residence area was called Oshi (Narita), and the townspeople area was called Gyoda.

Shinoba-su [ninja]

〘Other Sa 5 (4)〙 = to hide (shinoba sera) ※Joruri, Natsu Matsuri Naniwa Kagami (1745) 9 "I will hide you in the place where I hid you."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘他バ上二〙① 気持を抑える。痛切な感情を表わさないようにする。※万葉（８Ｃ後）一七・三九四〇「万代(よろづよ)に心は解けてわが背子がつみし手見つつ志乃備(シノビ)かねつも」※源氏（1001‐14頃）帚木「つらき心をしのひて思ひ直らん折を見つけんと」② 動作を目立たないようにする。隠れたりして人目を避ける。※万葉（８Ｃ後）六・九六五「凡(おほ)ならばかもかもせむを恐(かしこ)みと振り痛き袖を忍(しのび)てあるかも」③ 我慢する。忍耐する。※万葉（８Ｃ後）一六・三七九五「辱(はぢ)を忍(しのび)辱を黙(もだ)して事もなく物言はぬさきに我は寄りなむ」[2] 〘他バ五（四）〙① (一)①に同じ。※平中（965頃）二「こと局に、人あまた見ゆるを、えしのばで、言ひやる」② (一)②に同じ。※風俗歌（９Ｃ前‐１１Ｃ中か）小車「宵入(よひり)を之能者(シノバ)せ夫(せ) よやな我忍ばせ子我忍ばせ」※平家（１３Ｃ前）一二「平家の子孫京中に多くしのんでありときく」③ (一)③に同じ。※発心集（1216頃か）三「心ざし深くして苦(くるし)みを忍(シノ)ぶ故に大なる供養となるにこそはあらめ」[語誌](1)「しのふ（偲）」と「しのぶ（忍）」には、上代に「の」の甲類乙類の区別、「ふ」「ぶ」の清音濁音の対立、四段と上二段の活用の相違があった。
(2)中古になると、「の」の甲乙の区別の消滅と「しのふ」の「ふ」の濁音化とによって、逢えない人に逢いたい（「偲ふ」）切実な感情を表に出さない（「忍ぶ」）ことを、重層的に表現する「忍ぶ恋」の発想が文学表現として好まれるようになった。
(3)打消や意志の表現によく使われる未然形は、「偲ぶ」（四段）に引きつけられて中古前期から「しのば」の形が見られる。やがて、意味の区別を語形の違いに表わさなくなり、「偲ぶ」（四段）との同化はすべての活用形に及ぶ。(二)の「しのぶ（忍）」（四段）は、そのようにして生まれたものである。
(4)用例の大部分を占める連用形は上二段活用と四段活用の区別ができないので、仮に、連用形の用例は中古までは(一)に、中世以降は(二)に入れた。
(5)現代語では四段活用が普通であるが例外として「…するにしのびない（しのびず）」の形で上二段型が残っている。→しのびない

しのび【忍】

〘名〙 (動詞「しのぶ（忍）」の連用形の名詞化)① 目立たないようにすること。隠れたりして人目を避けること。※書紀（720）安康即位前（図書寮本訓）「爰に太子、穴穂皇子を襲(おそ)はむと欲て密(シノヒ)に兵を設けたまふ」② 人目に付かないような、もののかげ。※草根集（1473頃）九「いつの世につかひはなれしをし鳥の蘆の忍ひにひとり鳴声」③ こらえること。がまんすること。※蓬莱曲（1891）〈北村透谷〉三「望にも未来にも欺かれ尽してわが心は早や世の詐誷(いつはり)を坐して待つ忍耐(シノビ)を失せたりける」④ ＝しのびあるき（忍歩）※台記‐保延二年（1136）一二月二一日「前駆共人一人不_二相具_一、忍之故也」⑤ 「しのび（忍）の術」の略。※古活字本荘子抄（1620頃）八「しのひの上手を憑てさし殺さんとす」⑥ 「しのび（忍）の者」の略。※太平記（１４Ｃ後）二〇「逸物の忍(シノヒ)を八幡山へ入れて、神殿に火をぞ懸たりける」⑦ ＝しのびがたな（忍刀）※浄瑠璃・菅原伝授手習鑑（1746）四「忍びの鍔元くつろげて〈略〉堅唾を、呑んでひかへ居る」⑧ 「しのびあい（忍逢）」の略。※洒落本・自惚鏡（1789）牽頭医しゃ「そんなうろていたこっては、しのびのちょんちょんまくはならねいのさ」⑨ 伏兵。※狂歌・徳和歌後万載集（1785）三「つはものの気ははり弓の陣中にしのびのつらをみだすかりがね」⑩ 他人の財物をひそかに盗む者。窃盗。※鹿苑日録‐天文八年（1539）五月一六日「蔭凉江忍之盗入て取_レ物云々」

にん【忍】

〘名〙① こらえ、がまんすること。※十訓抄（1252）八「一人は忍を信ずるによりて褒美にあへるたとへなり」〔書経‐君陳〕② 仏語。(イ) 忍辱(にんにく)・安忍・通達の三義を説くのが一般。他からの侮辱などに耐え、みずからの苦しみにも心を動かすことなく、真実の道理を悟って、心を安んずること。※教行信証（1224）三「即可_三獲_二得喜悟信之忍_一」〔勝鬘経‐摂受章〕(ロ) 修行の階位である四善根の一つ、忍法のこと。四諦の理をはっきり捉えて、善根が定まり、もう悪趣に落ちることのない位をいう。※往生要集（984‐985）大文一〇「如_レ次忍頂軟」

しのば‐・せる【忍】

〘他サ下一〙 (五段動詞「しのぶ（忍）」に助動詞「せる」が付いてできたもの)① 他人にわからないようにそっと入れておく。かくし持つ。※浄瑠璃・十二段草子（1610‐15頃か）五「笙の笛、横笛四管の吹物を、紫檀の矢立にとりそへて、馬手の脇にしのばせたり」② 目立たないようにする。ひそめる。※人間失格（1948）〈太宰治〉第三の手記「無意識に足音をしのばせて、アパートのシヅ子の部屋の前まで来ると」

しぬ・ぶ【忍】

〘他バ上二・バ四〙 (現在、「の」の甲類の万葉仮名とされている「怒」「努」「弩」などを「ぬ」とよんだところから、「しのぶ（偲）」を「しぬぶ」とよみ、それを「しのぶ（忍）」にまでおよぼしてできた語) じっとこらえる。また、目立たないようにひそかにする。※良寛歌（1835頃）「かすみたつながき春日をしぬびかね夕さりくればからにしき里たちいでて」

しのぶら・うしのぶらふ【忍】

〘他ハ四〙 (上二段動詞「しのぶ（忍）」の反復継続態) ずっと耐えしのぶ。感情をおさえつづける。しぬぶらう。※万葉（８Ｃ後）一六・三七九一「舎人をとこも忍経等氷(しのぶらひ) 還らひ見つつ」[補注]語尾の「ふ」は、反復・継続の助動詞とされるものであろうが、「しのぶらふ」という語形の成立については確説がない。