This refers to surgery that targets the abdominal wall, including the peritoneum, and abdominal organs. Since the establishment of modern medicine, the first abdominal surgery was a gastrectomy performed by T. Billroth on June 21, 1884. This was successful thanks to a combination of anesthesia techniques that had been put to practical use in the United States in the mid-19th century and aseptic techniques that had been adopted in England by J. Lister. Next, appendectomy (surgical treatment for appendicitis) began to be performed primarily at Harvard University, and the successful treatment (anesthesia and removal) of appendicitis for King Edward VII of the United Kingdom just before his coronation in 1902 was an important catalyst for spreading this surgical treatment around the world. Other commonly performed procedures today include gallbladder removal and open abdominal treatment for peritonitis. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
腹膜を含めた腹壁と腹部臓器を対象とする外科をいう。近代医学が確立されて以来,最初の腹部外科は,1884年6月 21日に行われた T.ビルロートの胃切除術である。これは 19世紀なかばアメリカで実用化された麻酔法と,イギリスで採用された J.リスターに始る無菌法の併用によって成功している。次いでハーバード大学が中心となって虫垂除去 (盲腸炎の手術的療法) が行われるようになり,1902年戴冠式直前のイギリス国王エドワード7世の虫垂炎に対する処置 (麻酔ならびに除去) に成功したことは,この手術療法を世界に広める重要なきっかけとなった。現在多く行われているものとして,ほかに胆嚢除去,腹膜炎開腹治療などがある。
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