Fukuoka city - Fukuoka

Japanese: 福岡市 - ふくおか

A city facing Hakata Bay in the northwest of Fukuoka Prefecture. It is the prefectural capital and the political, economic and cultural center of Kyushu. It was incorporated as a city in 1889. In 1954, it incorporated two villages, Hisa and Takuma, in 1955 it incorporated three towns, Kashii, Tatara and Naka, in 1960 it incorporated Washiro and Kin, in 1961 it incorporated three villages, Shusenji, Motooka and Kitazaki, and in 1971 it incorporated Shika. In 1972 it became a city designated by government ordinance, and five wards were created: Higashi-ku, Nishi-ku, Minami-ku, Hakata-ku and Chuo-ku. In 1975 Nishi-ku incorporated Sawara-cho, and in 1982 the administrative division was reorganized, and Jonan-ku and Sawara-ku were established, making it a seventh ward. Located in the Fukuoka Plain, the central city area east of the Naka River is called Hakata, and has prospered since ancient times as a departure and arrival point for Japanese envoys to the Sui and Tang dynasties, and as an outer port for Dazaifu. In 1601, Kuroda Nagamasa built a castle in Fukusaki (→Heiwadai) west of the Naka River, and named the area around the castle Fukuoka. Since then, it has developed as a castle town of the Fukuoka Domain, which had a fief of 520,000 koku. In 1871, the Fukuoka Prefectural Office was established when the domains were abolished and prefectures were established. In 1889, Hakata and Fukuoka merged to form Fukuoka City, but the name of Hakata Station has remained the same to this day. The center of the city is the Tenjin district, but with the opening of the Shinkansen, the area around Shin-Hakata Station has many high-rise buildings with administrative functions. Food, printing, electrical equipment, machinery, metal industries, and publishing are well developed. In rural areas, rice, vegetable and fruit cultivation, dairy farming, and poultry farming are carried out. The fishing port also sees large catches of horse mackerel, mackerel, and hairtail. Well-known traditional industries include Hakata weaving and Hakata dolls. The city is rich in historical sites and cultural facilities, such as Kashii Shrine, Hakozaki Shrine, Sofukuji Temple, Kyushu University, the remains of the Mongol Invasion Defense Ruins, the remains of Fukuoka (Maizuru) Castle, and Heiwadai Sports Park. The city is famous for its Hakata Dontaku and Hakata Gion Yamakasa festivals, which are both designated as an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property of Japan and an Intangible World Heritage of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The city is the terminus of the Sanyo Shinkansen, and the Kyushu Expressway runs through it. Fukuoka Airport and Hakata Port are both located here. The city has an area of 343.39 ^km2 and a population of 1,538,681 (2015).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

福岡県北西部，博多湾に面する市。県庁所在地で，九州の政治，経済，文化の中心でもある。1889年市制。1954年日佐村，田隈村の 2村，1955年香椎町，多々良町，那珂町の 3町，1960年和白町，金武村，1961年周船寺村，元岡村，北崎村の 3村，1971年志賀町をそれぞれ編入。1972年政令指定都市となり，東区，西区，南区，博多区，中央区の 5区が誕生。さらに 1975年西区が早良町を編入したのち 1982年行政府が再編されて，城南区と早良区が発足し 7区となった。福岡平野に位置し，中心市街地のうち那珂川以東は博多と称し，遣隋使，遣唐使の発着地，大宰府の外港として古くから繁栄。那珂川以西は慶長6（1601）年黒田長政が福崎（→平和台）に築城，城下を福岡と命名。以後，福岡藩 52万石の城下町として発展した。明治4（1871）年廃藩置県により福岡県庁設置。1889年博多と福岡が合併し福岡市となったが，博多駅の駅名はそのままで今日にいたる。市の中心は天神地区であるが，新幹線開通に伴う新博多駅の周辺地区には事務管理機能をもつ高層ビルが多い。食品，印刷，電機，機械，金属の諸工業や出版業などが発達している。農村部では米作，野菜・果樹栽培，酪農，養鶏が行なわれる。また，漁港ではアジ，サバ，タチウオなどの水揚げが多い。伝統産業としては博多織，博多人形がよく知られる。香椎宮，筥崎宮，崇福寺，九州大学，元寇防塁跡，福岡（舞鶴）城跡，平和台総合運動場などの史跡，文化施設に富む。博多どんたくおよび国の重要無形民俗文化財で国際連合教育科学文化機関 UNESCOの世界無形遺産である博多祇園山笠は有名な祭り。山陽新幹線の終点で，九州自動車道が通り，福岡空港，博多港などがある。面積 343.39km²。人口 153万8681（2015）。

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