Simplon Tunnel

Japanese: シンプロン･トンネル（英語表記）Simplon‐Tunnel

Two parallel single-track railway tunnels between Brig, Switzerland and Isele, Italy. Construction began in 1898, and two pilot tunnels (3.4m wide, 2.4m high) were excavated with a 17m gap between them and connecting tunnels every 200m to facilitate ventilation during construction, to treat spring water, and to provide countermeasures in the event of an accident. One of these was widened and completed in 1906. The tunnels are 19.803km long, and because they run through the mountainside of Mount Leone in the Alps, the earth cover is 2150m thick, the geology is hard gneiss, and construction was difficult due to the strong earth pressure, mountain bursts (a phenomenon in which rock fragments fly off), geothermal heat of up to 56°C, hot springs, and large springs (800l/s).

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

スイスのブリークとイタリアのイゼーレ間にある並列した2本の単線型鉄道トンネル。1898年着工し，工事中の換気，湧水処理，事故時の対策に役だつように，お互いの間隔が17mで200mごとに連絡坑をもつ先進導坑(幅3.4m，高さ2.4m)2本を掘削し，うち1本を拡幅し1906年に完成させた。延長は19.803kmで，アルプスのレオネ山の山腹を貫くため土かぶりも2150mと厚く，地質は片麻岩で硬く，強大な地圧，山はね(岩片が飛び散る現象)，最高56℃の地熱，温泉，大湧水(800l/s)などに遭遇し，工事は難航した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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