A device that converts direct current (electric current) to alternating current (electric current). Electricity in general use is divided into two types: direct current, in which the current and voltage are always constant, and alternating current, in which the current and voltage change in sine wave form. When converting between these two types of electricity, the device that converts AC to DC is called a rectifier (or forward converter), and the device that converts DC to AC is called an inverter (or reverse converter). In the past, inverters were constructed using mercury rectifiers (called mercury rectifier types), but since around 1980, power semiconductor elements (power devices) such as thyristors, power MOSFETs (MOSFET stands for Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), Gate Turn-off Thyristors (GTOs), and triacs, which are easy to operate, maintain, and inspect, and highly reliable, have been used. There are various types of inverters depending on the control method, circuit configuration, purpose of use, etc., and they are used in many areas, such as constant voltage constant frequency power supplies, uninterruptible power supplies, and variable frequency power supplies. [Naoyuki Uchida] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
直流(電流)を交流(電流)に変換する装置。一般に使用される電気は、電流、電圧がつねに一定の大きさをもつ直流と、その大きさが正弦波で変化する交流とがある。この直流と交流の2種の電気を交互に変換する場合、交流から直流にする装置を整流器(あるいは順変換器、コンバーター)といい、直流から交流にする装置をインバーター(あるいは逆変換器)という。インバーターは古くは水銀整流器を利用して構成されていたが(これを水銀整流器型という)、1980年ごろから運転、保守、点検などが容易で、信頼度の高いサイリスタ、パワーMOSFET(Power MOSFET。MOSFET=金属酸化膜半導体電界効果トランジスタMetal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistorの略)、絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタInsulated Gate Bipolar Transistor(IGBT)、ゲートターンオフサイリスタGate Turn-off Thyristor(GTO)、トライアックなどの電力用半導体素子(パワーデバイス)が利用されている。インバーターは、制御方法、回路構成、使用目的などによって種々の方法があり、定電圧定周波電源、無停電電源、可変周波電源など、多方面に利用されている。 [内田直之] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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