Phototropy

Japanese: フォトトロピー(英語表記)phototropy
Phototropy
A reversible phenomenon in which a certain substance changes color when exposed to light, and returns to its original color when the exposure is stopped. It is also called photochromism or photoreversible color change. In 1899, W. Marckwald discovered that crystals of tetrachloro-β-ketodihydronaphthalene changed color when exposed to light, and called this phenomenon phototropy. This phenomenon was later found to occur in many organic compounds in solution. Mechanistically, certain molecules absorb light and undergo (1) geometric cis-trans isomerization, (2) tautomerization in which the positions of certain atoms within the molecule are significantly different, or (3) chemical changes such as the generation of stable free radicals or free ions due to bond cleavage, causing a change in the light absorption spectrum, but when the exposure is stopped, the molecule returns to its original state thermally.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
ある種の物質に光を照射すると変色し,照射を中止すると元の色に戻る可逆的な現象。フォトクロミズムphotochromism,光可逆変色などともいう。1899年にマルクワルドW.Marckwaldはテトラクロロ‐β‐ケトジヒドロナフタレンの結晶に光を照射すると変色することを発見し,この現象をフォトトロピーと呼んだ。その後この現象は,溶液中の数多くの有機化合物についても起こることが見いだされた。機構的には,ある種の分子が光を吸収して,(1)シス‐トランス間の幾何異性化を起こしたり,(2)分子内で,ある原子の位置が著しく異なる互変異性化を起こしたり,また(3)結合切断による安定な遊離基や遊離イオン生成などの化学変化を起こすことなどによって,光の吸収スペクトルが変化するが,照射を停止すると熱的に元の分子に戻ることによる。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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