Ode. From Greek aeidein (to sing). A lyric poem of considerable length, with a well-structured structure and a complex organic structure. Often used for public utterances commemorating national events. The Greek odes of Pindar were conceived as choral songs accompanied by music and dance. They consist of a repeated stanza, the strophe, which goes counterclockwise, a second stanza, the antistrophe, which goes clockwise, and a concluding stanza, the epode. In Latin literature, the ode is associated with Horace, who, through Alcaeus and Sappho, developed the form from a less complex lyric form than that of Pindar. His simpler odes, in contrast to the public, passionate, and magnificent odes of Pindar, are private, static, and meditative, universal rather than related to a particular occasion, and have the reader rather than the audience in mind. Modern odes, inheriting the contemplative character of Horace and the commemorative character of Pindar, are freer in form, but the elaborate and complex forms they often have are ultimately derived from the three-part structure of Pindar. Modern odes also include those that sing of love and wine in a very simple form that is connected to Anacreon. Keats's series of odes are the greatest masterpieces of the form, not just in English literature, but in all of modern literature. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
頌詩。語源はギリシア語 aeidein (歌う) 。整然と形式化されて複雑な有機的構成をもつ,かなりの長さの抒情詩。しばしば国家的行事などを記念する公的発言の場合に用いられた。ギリシアのピンダロスのオードは,音楽と踊りに合せて歌われる合唱隊歌として構想された。左回りに回るときの第1の連が strophe,次にその逆に右に回りながら反復される第2の連が antistrophe,さらに両者を締めくくる別の形式の連が epode,これらの3部から成り,それが反復される。ラテン文学ではオードはホラチウスと結びつく。彼はアルカイオスやサッフォーを通して,ピンダロスほど複雑でない抒情詩形からこの形式をつくり上げた。彼のより単純な形式のオードは,ピンダロスの公的,熱烈,壮麗に対して,私的,静的,瞑想的であり,特定の機会に関連するものではなく普遍的で,聴衆ではなく読者を念頭においている。近代のオードは,ホラチウスの瞑想的性格と,ピンダロスの記念的性格を遺産として受継ぎ,より自由な形をとっているが,しばしばみられる精巧で複雑な形式は,究極的にはピンダロスの3部構造に由来する。また近代のオードには,アナクレオンにつながるきわめて単純な形式で恋や酒を歌うものもある。キーツの一連のオードは,単にイギリス文学だけでなく,近代文学を通じてこの形式による最高の傑作である。
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