The energy of an electron in a crystal is a function of the wave vector k , and the surface in the space with the wave vector as the three axes of the Cartesian coordinate system where the energy is equal to the Fermi energy (→ Fermi distribution) is called the Fermi surface. At absolute zero, the inside of this surface is occupied by electrons, and there are no electrons outside. For free electrons, this surface is spherical, but within a crystal it takes on a complex shape, which affects various phenomena. To understand this shape, we can study the de Haas-van Alphen effect and anomalous absorption of ultrasound. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
結晶内の電子のエネルギーは波数ベクトル k の関数であるが,波数ベクトルを直交座標の 3軸とする空間でエネルギーがフェルミエネルギー (→フェルミ分布) に等しいような面をフェルミ面という。絶対零度ではこの面より内部は電子が占めており,外部に電子はない。自由電子についてはこの面は球面になるが,結晶内では複雑な形になり,いろいろな現象に影響を与える。この形を知るには,ド・ハース=ファン・アルフェン効果や超音波の異常吸収などを調べる。
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