He was a representative painter of 17th-century Dutch genre painting. He was born and died in Delft. Little is known about his life, and his reputation was forgotten for a long time, until his true value was finally recognized in the middle of the 19th century. According to the few records, he was born into an art dealer's family, and took over his father's business after his death in 1655. As a painter, he was influenced by Carel Fabritius (1622-1654), but it is unclear whether the two had a master-disciple relationship. He was registered with the Delft Painters' Guild in 1653, and married Katharina Bornes in the same year. It is certain that he was one of the leaders of the painters' guild from 1662 to 1663 and again from 1669 to 1670. He was an extremely slow painter, and most of his works are small. Only around 35 remain. Most of his works depict the domestic life of one or two people, with some on religious themes. He also produced just two landscapes, of which "View of Delft" at the Mauritshuis in The Hague is a famous masterpiece. His paintings have a superb color tone, and the interior scenes depicted through the intricate contrasts of red, blue, and yellow are reminiscent of the air on a sunny morning in Northern Europe. The bright, clear, soft light and color harmony exude a sense of gentle charm and tranquility. The sharp contrast between light and dark areas in his early works became softer in his later years. Other particularly famous works include "Girl Reading a Letter at an Window" (Dresden State Gallery of Old Paintings), "The Milkmaid" (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam), "Girl with a Pearl Earring" (Mauritshuis), "The Lacemaker" (Louvre), and "The Art of Painting (The Artist's Studio)" (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). [Kamon Yasuo] "Vermeer" (1970), edited and published by Bijutsu Shuppansha [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
17世紀オランダ風俗画を代表する画家。デルフトに生まれ、同地に没。生涯については詳しいことはほとんど知られておらず、またその評価も長い間埋もれていて、19世紀なかばになってようやく真価が認められるようになった。わずかな記録によれば、彼は画商の子として生まれ、1655年父の死後その業を受け継いだ。画家としてはカレル・ファブリティウスCarel Fabritius(1622―1654)の影響を受けているが、2人の間に師弟関係があったかどうかは不明である。1653年デルフトの画家組合に登録され、同年カタリナ・ボルネスと結婚。1662~1663年、1669~1670年の再度にわたって画家組合の幹部の一人であったことは確かである。 彼はきわめて遅筆であり、しかもほとんどが小品で、現存する作品は35点前後。1人ないし2人の人物の家庭内の生活を描いたものが大部分で、ほかに宗教的題材のものもある。また、わずか2点にすぎないが風景画もあり、とくにハーグ、マウリッツハイス美術館の『デルフトの眺望』は名作として名高い。彼の絵は色調がみごとで、赤・青・黄などの精妙な対比によって描き出される室内情景は、あたかも晴れた日の北欧の朝の大気そのものを思わせ、明るく澄みきった柔らかい光と色の調和のなかに、しっとりとした情趣と静謐(せいひつ)感をあふれさせている。初期の明るい部分と暗い部分のくっきりした対比は、後年になるほど和らげられている。そのほか『窓辺で手紙を読む女』(ドレスデン国立古典絵画館)、『牛乳を注ぐ女』(アムステルダム国立美術館)、『真珠の耳飾りの少女』(マウリッツハイス美術館)、『レースを編む女』(ルーブル美術館)、『絵画芸術(画家のアトリエ)』(ウィーン美術史美術館)などがとくに有名である。 [嘉門安雄] 『美術出版社編・刊『フェルメール』(1970)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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