Consider a collection of fermions such as electrons, 3He , and nucleons (protons and neutrons). Suppose that each particle in the collection can be considered to move almost independently of the others. Let us number the quantum states of the independently moving particles as 1, 2, 3, ... and represent the energy of the jth quantum state by ε j . If we observe the number of particles occupying quantum state j , n j , it will be 0 or 1 in a single observation, but if the particle collection is in thermal equilibrium at absolute temperature T , the average number of particles is given by Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
電子や3Heや核子(陽子,中性子)のようなフェルミ粒子それぞれの集団を考える。集団の中で各粒子はほとんどほかとは独立に運動しているとみなしうるとしよう。独立に運動している粒子の量子状態に番号をつけて,1,2,3,……とし,j番目の量子状態のエネルギーをεjで表すことにする。量子状態jを占めている粒子の数njを観測すれば,1回の観測では0または1であるが,粒子集団が絶対温度Tの熱平衡にあれば,粒子数の平均値は,で与えられる。
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