Dobb - Maurice Herbert Dobb

A representative British Marxist economist. Born in London. After graduating from Cambridge University in 1922, he spent his time as a researcher at the University of London, but in 1925 he returned to his alma mater, Cambridge University, and served as the university's only Marxist economist until his retirement in 1965. During this time, he was appointed leader in 1959, a post second only to professor. His research achievements are extremely wide-ranging, but his first and foremost contributions are his theoretical study of Marxist economics and his criticism of modern economics. While standing in the tradition of British economics, he made a great contribution by making Marxist economics acceptable to Western countries. His research on the history of capitalist economic development is also related to this. Secondly, he is known for his theoretical and historical research on socialist economy, which began with his debut work, Russian Economic Development since the Revolution (1922), and in this respect he also left a first-class record of achievement. During the "economic calculation debate in socialism" in the 1930s, he sided with the proponents of centralization, but after criticizing Stalin after World War II, he actively supported economic reformers in the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, exerting a great influence on them. Thirdly, he studied development theory for developing countries, which began with a trip to India in 1956. He is also known for collaborating with P. Sraffa to publish The Collected Works of Ricardo. Almost all of his major works have been translated into Japanese, and the "transition debate" from feudalism to capitalism surrounding his book Studies in the Development of Capitalism (1946) became an international debate that also drew in Japanese economic historians, and he also actively spoke out in the "contemporary capitalism debate" in the late 1950s, exerting a great influence on the Japanese economics community.

[Tsuneaki Sato]

"Political Economy and Capitalism" translated by Oka Minoru (1952, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Studies on the Development of Capitalism III" translated by Kyoto University Modern History Research Group (1954, 1955, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Economic Theory and Socialism III" translated by Tsuru Shigeto et al. (1958, 1959, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Economic Growth and Economic Planning" translated by Ishikawa Shigeru and Miyamoto Yoshio (1965, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Modern Economic System Theory" translated by Tamai Ryuzo and Fujita Sei (1970, Shinhyoron)" ▽ "Welfare Economics and Socialist Economics" translated by Nakamura Tatsuya (1973, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Soviet Economic History Vol. 1" translated by Nonomura Kazuo (1974, Nippon Hyoron Sha) ▽ "The Theory of Value and Distribution" translated by Kishimoto Shigechin (1976, Shinhyoron)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イギリスの代表的マルクス経済学者。ロンドンに生まれる。1922年にケンブリッジ大学卒業後、ロンドン大学で研究生活を送ったが、25年母校ケンブリッジ大学に復帰、65年に定年退職するまで同大学唯一のマルクス経済学者として活躍。この間、59年には教授に次ぐポストとされるリーダーに選任された。彼の研究業績はきわめて広いが、第一にあげられるべきは、マルクス経済学の理論的研究と近代経済学の批判で、イギリス経済学の伝統にたちながら、欧米諸国にマルクス経済学を受容可能とした彼の功績はきわめて大きい。資本主義経済発達史の研究もこれと関連する。第二は、彼の処女作『革命後のロシア経済の発展』Russian Economic Development since the Revolution（1922）に始まる社会主義経済の理論的および歴史的研究で、この面でも第一級の業績を残している。1930年代の「社会主義における経済計算論争」当時は集権論者にくみしたが、第二次世界大戦後のスターリン批判後は、ソ連や東欧諸国の経済改革派を積極的に支持し、大きな影響を与えた。第三は、開発途上国開発理論の研究で、56年のインド旅行が契機となっている。そのほかP・スラッファと協力して『リカード全集』の刊行にあたったことが特記される。彼の主著はほとんどすべて邦訳され、『資本主義発展の研究』Studies in the Development of Capitalism（1946）をめぐる封建制から資本主義への「移行論争」は、わが国の経済史家をも巻き込んだ国際的論争となったほか、50年代後半期の「現代資本主義論争」にも積極的に発言し、わが国の経済学界に大きな影響を与えた。

［佐藤経明］

『岡稔訳『政治経済学と資本主義』（1952・岩波書店）』▽『京都大学近代史研究会訳『資本主義発展の研究Ⅲ』（1954、55・岩波書店）』▽『都留重人他訳『経済理論と社会主義Ⅲ』（1958、59・岩波書店）』▽『石川滋・宮本義男訳『経済成長と経済計画』（1965・岩波書店）』▽『玉井龍象・藤田整訳『現代経済体制論』（1970・新評論）』▽『中村達也訳『厚生経済学と社会主義経済学』（1973・岩波書店）』▽『野々村一雄訳『ソヴェト経済史　上』（1974・日本評論社）』▽『岸本重陳訳『価値と分配の理論』（1976・新評論）』

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