A large carnivorous marine reptile that flourished in shallow seas about 99.6 million to 65.5 million years ago during the late Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era. It is also called the sea lizard dragon or blue dragon, and is classified as a member of the order Lacertilia. There are several genera known to belong to this group, and in addition to Mosasaurus, Tylosaurus , Protosaurus , and Clidastes are well-known. They varied in size, ranging from 3 to 15 meters in total length. Many have been found in Belgium and the state of Kansas in the United States. In Japan, many have been reported from the Hakobuchi Group in Hokkaido, and the Izumi Group in Honshu, Shikoku, and Awaji Island. All of them seem to have had violent personalities, and many of them have scars or amputations on their lower jaws and fins. The appearance of the body and tail resembles that of a crocodile, but the pair of legs form webbed fins, and the elongated jaws are equipped with sharp teeth. The teeth are large and cone-shaped, with rounded bases that are set into the dental alveolus. A specimen that is said to have been an ammonite shell bitten by these teeth has been discovered as a fossil, but this has been questioned. It is possible that the marks are traces of perforation by a snail shell. It is also well known that in the late 19th century, the Dutch and French fought over the skull of a Mosasaurus in court, and it was used as a war trophy. [Ikuo Obata] "Natural History of the Cretaceous Period" by Ikuo Obata (1993, University of Tokyo Press) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中生代白亜紀後期の、約9960万年~6550万年前に浅海に栄えた肉食の大形海生爬虫類(はちゅうるい)。海トカゲ竜もしくは蒼竜(そうりゅう)ともよばれ、分類上はトカゲ目の一つ。この仲間にはいくつかの属が知られており、モササウルスのほかにティロサウルスTylosaurus、プロトサウルスProtosaurus、クリダステスClidastesなどが著名である。大きさも全長3~15メートルと多様であった。ベルギーやアメリカのカンザス州からの産出が多い。日本でも北海道の函渕(はこぶち)層群や、本州、四国、淡路(あわじ)島の和泉(いずみ)層群で多く報告されている。いずれも性格が凶暴であったようで、下あごやひれに傷跡があったり切断されたりしていることが多い。体や尾の外観はワニ類に似るが、対(つい)の肢(あし)は水かき状のひれを形成し、細長く伸びたあごには鋭い歯を備える。歯は大きく円錐(えんすい)形で丸みを帯びた基部が歯槽(しそう)中に植立する。この歯でかみつかれたアンモナイトの殻といわれた標本が化石として発見されたが、疑問も呈されている。巻き貝による穿孔(せんこう)跡の可能性がある。また19世紀後半にオランダとフランスの間でモササウルスの頭骨を争って法廷沙汰(ざた)となったり、戦争による戦利品とされた話は有名である。 [小畠郁生] 『小畠郁生著『白亜紀の自然史』(1993・東京大学出版会)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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