Wind God - Fuushin

Japanese: 風神 - ふうしん
Wind God - Fuushin

The god of wind. In ancient China, he was called Feng Bo, and there was a custom of worshipping him in the northwest on the day of the Year of the Raijin (the Year of the Thunder). In Japan, he is considered to be paired with the god of thunder, and in the Middle Ages, paintings and sculptures depicting these two gods as demons also developed.

The oldest and most famous shrines to the wind god are Tatsutahiko Shrine and Tatsutahime Shrine in Yamato (Nara Prefecture), and the Engishiki contains the rules for their rituals in the Shijisai-shiki (four-time rituals), and the full text of the prayers is included in the Norito-shiki (prayer). Both the Inner Shrine and Outer Shrine of Ise have Kaze no Miya (wind palace) as branch shrines, and there is a legend that a divine wind blew from here during the Mongol invasions of Japan. Suwa Taisha Shrine in Shinshu (Nagano Prefecture) is also called Kaze no Miya, and here people prayed exclusively for protection from the wind. Even in modern times, there were many wind festivals and wind prayers to pray for protection from wind damage. The festival was usually held around the 210th day of the month, but in some places it was held in May, June, or early spring. In some cases, the festival was also associated with a Nembutsu dance.

[Takatoshi Ishizuka]

[Reference item] | Fujin/Raijin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

風をつかさどる神。古代中国では風伯(ふうはく)といい、つねに雨の神「雨師(うし)」とともに、丙戌(ひのえいぬ)の日に西北で祭るという慣行があった。わが国では主として雷神と対(つい)にして考え、中世にはこの二神を鬼形に表現した絵や彫像も発達した。

 風神の社として古く著名であったのは大和(やまと)(奈良県)の龍田比古(たつたひこ)神社・龍田比女(ひめ)神社で、『延喜式(えんぎしき)』には四時祭式(しじさいしき)にその祭式規定があり、祝詞(のりと)式にその祝詞の全文が収められている。伊勢(いせ)の内宮(ないくう)・外宮(げくう)にはともに別宮(べつぐう)として風宮(かぜのみや)があり、かの元寇(げんこう)のときにはここから神風が吹いたという伝承がある。信州(長野県)の諏訪(すわ)大社も風の宮といわれ、このほうではもっぱら風の害のないことが祈念された。近代に入ってからでも風祭りとか風祈祷(きとう)といって、風害のないことを祈る風(ふう)は多かった。その時期は主として二百十日前後であったが、所によっては5月・6月、あるいは春先にもこれを行っていた。その祭りに念仏踊が結び付いている例もある。

[石塚尊俊]

[参照項目] | 風神・雷神

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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