Year

Japanese: 年 - ねん
Year

The time it takes for the sun to go around the celestial sphere. Depending on the reference point chosen, there are the following types of years. The time it takes for the sun to go around the celestial sphere, the intersection of the ecliptic and the equator (the vernal equinox), is called the solar year (tropical year), and the time it takes for the sun to go around the same star on the celestial sphere is called the sidereal year, which is the Earth's orbital period. The time it takes for the Earth to leave the perihelion, the point at which it is closest to the sun, and return to the perihelion is called the perihelion year, and the time it takes for the sun to go around the celestial sphere, the intersection of the ecliptic and the ecliptic, is called the eclipse year, and these cycles are related to solar and lunar eclipses.

According to American astronomer Newcomb, the values ​​for each year at 12:00 (calendar time) on January 0th, 1900 are as follows:

1 solar year = 365.24219879 days = 365 days 5:48:46 1 sidereal year = 365.25636042 days = 365 days 6:09:09.5
1 perigee year = 365.25964134 days = 365 days 6:13:53 1 eclipse year = 346.620031 days = 346 days 14:52:50.7
When people generally refer to a year, they are usually referring to the solar year, and since the cycle of the seasons is related to the time when the sun passes through the vernal equinox, this is used in calendars.

[Toshio Watanabe]

[Reference] | Solar year

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

太陽が天球上を一周する時間。基準点の選び方によって、次のような種類の1年がある。すなわち、天球上の太陽の経路である黄道と赤道の交点(春分点)に対して太陽が一周する時間を太陽年(回帰年)、太陽が天球上の同一恒星に対して一周する時間を恒星年といい、地球の公転周期である。地球が太陽に対して最短距離にある近日点から出発してふたたび近日点に戻るまでの時間が近点年、天球上の月の経路である白道と黄道の交点に対して太陽が一周する時間が食年で、日・月食はこの周期が関係する。

 アメリカの天文学者ニューカムによれば、1900年1月零日12時(暦表時)における各年の値は次のようである。

 1太陽年=365.24219879日
     =365日5時48分46秒
 1恒星年=365.25636042日
     =365日6時09分09秒5
 1近点年=365.25964134日
     =365日6時13分53秒
 1食 年=346.620031日
     =346日14時52分50秒7
 普通、一般に1年というときには太陽年をさし、季節の循環が太陽の春分点通過の時期と関係するところから、暦にはこれを用いる。

[渡辺敏夫]

[参照項目] | 太陽年

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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