A branch of the Baltic Sea between the Scandinavian Peninsula and the European continent. It stretches from east to west between Finland in the north and the Republic of Estonia in the south, with St. Petersburg of the Russian Federation located at its innermost point. There are numerous small islands and reefs eroded by ice along the coast. The tidal range is very small, and the salinity is low, with a concentration of about 5 on the surface of the innermost part of the Gulf of Finland in summer. It freezes easily due to the low temperatures in winter. In normal winters, the entire surface freezes over, making the coast passable by car. It is extremely shallow, with an average depth of only about 36 meters. It has been an important waterway for the trade of amber, furs, and other goods since ancient times, and important port cities have developed along the coast. Small-scale fishing is carried out for herring and other fish. [Hideo Tsukada] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スカンジナビア半島とヨーロッパ大陸との間にあるバルト海の支湾。北のフィンランドと南のエストニア共和国の間を東西に延び、最奥部にロシア連邦のサンクト・ペテルブルグが位置する。沿岸には氷食を受けた無数の小島、岩礁がある。潮差はごくわずかで、塩分は低く、フィンランド湾奥部の表面で夏季に濃度約5である。冬季の低温によって容易に凍結する。通常の冬は全面結氷し、沿岸部は自動車で通行可能となる。きわめて浅く、平均水深は約36メートルにすぎない。古くからこはく、毛皮などが取引された重要な水路であり、沿岸には重要な港市が発達した。ニシンなどをとる小規模な漁業が行われている。 [塚田秀雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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