Besant - Besant (English spelling) Annie Besant

Japanese: ベザント - べざんと(英語表記)Annie Besant
Besant - Besant (English spelling) Annie Besant

A British social reformer of Irish descent. After her divorce in 1873, she participated in the women's liberation movement. She joined the Fabian Society and worked with many socialists. At the same time, she joined the Theosophical Society under the guidance of Madame Bravatsky, and served as its president for life from 1907. In 1893, she traveled to India and settled in Madras (now Chennai). There, she embraced Hinduism and worked to restore Indian pride in India's ancient traditions and culture. She founded what would later become the Benares Hindu University, while at the same time promoting social reform and the movement to improve education in India through the Theosophical Society. The feminist S. Naidu was one of the people who worked under her. She became involved in the Indian nationalist movement just before the First World War, and in 1916 she founded the Indian Self-Governing League, working with Tilak and others. At the Congress Party conference in the same year, she worked hard to restore the nationalists and reunite the Congress Party, and was elected chairman of the Calcutta Congress of the Congress Party the following year in 1917. However, after World War I, it came into conflict with Gandhi's policies and rapidly became isolated.

[Masao Naito]

[References] | Theosophical Society | Tilak | Naidu | Madame Bravasskii

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アイルランド人の血をひくイギリスの社会改革家。1873年離婚後、女性解放運動に参加。フェビアン協会に加わり、多くの社会主義者と協働する。同時にブラバッスキイ夫人の指導で神智(しんち)協会にも参加、1907年から終身その総裁を務めた。1893年インドに渡り、マドラス(現チェンナイ)に定住。ここでヒンドゥー教を受け入れ、インドの古い伝統、文化に対するインド人の誇りの回復のため努力し、後のベナレス・ヒンドゥー大学を創設する一方、神智協会を通じてインドの社会改革や教育向上運動を推進した。女性運動家S・ナーイドゥもその下で活動した一人である。第一次世界大戦直前からインド民族運動にかかわり、1916年インド自治連盟を設立してティラクらと行動をともにした。同年の国民会議派大会では、民族派の復帰、国民会議派再統合に尽力し、翌1917年の国民会議派カルカッタ大会議長に選出された。しかし第一次世界大戦後はガンディーの路線と対立し、急速に孤立化した。

[内藤雅雄]

[参照項目] | 神智協会 | ティラク | ナーイドゥ | ブラバッスキイ夫人

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