Speed ​​governer

Japanese: 調速機 - ちょうそくき(英語表記)speed governer
Speed ​​governer

A control device for keeping the engine speed constant. It is always installed in engines that need to operate at a constant speed, such as those used for power generation, ships, agriculture, and industry. It was first devised by Watt to obtain a constant speed when he converted the reciprocating motion of a steam engine into rotary motion. It is called a centrifugal governor, and uses the fact that two weights attached to the rotating shaft open due to the centrifugal force caused by the rotation. Centrifugal governors are simple in structure and can obtain a constant rotation relatively easily, so they are used not only in steam engines but also in many other rotating machines. There is also an air type that uses a Venturi tube installed in the intake pipe of the engine. This uses the negative pressure in the Venturi tube that changes depending on the rotation speed. There is also a hydraulic type that uses the hydraulic pressure generated by the gear pump, which is driven by the engine. In either method, the engine speed is controlled by adjusting the throttle valve or the amount of fuel injected. There are various methods of transmitting motion, such as mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrical, which are used appropriately depending on the purpose.

[Hidetaro Nakayama]

Principle of the centrifugal governor
©Shogakukan ">

Principle of the centrifugal governor


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

機関の回転速度を一定値に保つための制御装置。発電用、船舶用、農・工用など一定速度で運転する必要がある機関にかならず備え付けられている。ワットが蒸気機関の往復運動を回転運動に変えたとき、一定回転を得るために考案したのが最初であった。回転軸に取り付けた2個のおもりが回転に伴う遠心力によって開くのを利用したものでこれを遠心調速機という。遠心調速機は構造が簡単で比較的容易に一定回転が得られるので、蒸気機関だけではなく、ほかの回転機械でも多く利用されている。このほか機関の吸気管内に設けたベンチュリー管を利用した空気式というのがある。これはベンチュリー部の負圧が回転速度によって変化するのを利用したものである。また機関により歯車ポンプを駆動し、歯車ポンプで発生する油圧を利用して回転速度を制御する油圧式もある。いずれの方法でも、機関の絞り弁あるいは燃料の噴射量を調節して機関の速度を制御する。運動の伝達方法も各種あり、機械式、空気式、油圧式、電気式など目的により適宜使用される。

[中山秀太郎]

遠心調速機の原理
©Shogakukan">

遠心調速機の原理


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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