Pfalz; Palatine

Japanese: ファルツ（英語表記）Pfalz; Palatine

A term used to refer to a royal palace in the Frankish Empire and medieval Germany. It comes from the Latin palatium. It was usually built at the center of a large manor on royal land and had a royal residence and an attached chapel. Its head was called the Count of the Palatinate (Pfalzgraf) and exercised important powers, such as presiding over the court of the court, which was located not only in the royal palace but also in the courts of the tribal princes. The Count of the Pfalz of the Duchy of Lorraine held a high position in the Holy Roman Empire as Count of the Rhine-Pfalz and became one of the electors. During the Reformation, the Count of the Rhine-Pfalz converted to Calvinism and became a leader of the Protestant League. Heidelberg was the capital of this county.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

フランク帝国や中世のドイツで王宮をさした言葉。ラテン語のパラティウム palatiumに由来する。たいてい王領地の大荘園の中心に建てられ，王の居館，付属礼拝堂をもつ。その長官をファルツ伯 (宮中伯) Pfalzgrafと称し，宮中裁判所を主宰するなど重要な権利を行使したが，これは王宮のほか，部族公の宮廷にもおかれた。ロートリンゲン公領のファルツ伯が，神聖ローマ帝国ではライン＝ファルツ伯として高い地位を占め，選帝侯の一人となった。ライン＝ファルツ伯は宗教改革時代にカルバン主義に改宗し，プロテスタント同盟の指導者となった。ハイデルベルクはこの伯領の首都であった。

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