Gaunda - Gaunda

...These landowners were not necessarily direct cultivators, but were also landlords or feudal lords. In the Vijayanagar Kingdom, which was not directly ruled by Islamic powers, in addition to the Brahmin landlords, some of the powerful non-Brahmin castes, such as the Reddy, Vellala, and Gaunda, emerged who controlled landholdings of several villages or even dozens of villages and held water rights, taxation rights, and military powers. The most powerful of these were called Nayakas, and from the 15th century onwards, some of them became feudal lords who controlled entire areas spanning several districts. A class of landowners and small feudal lords called Naattam and Palaiyakkaran (polygar) also appeared in the southern part of South India.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Gaundha" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…しかもこれらの土地所有者は必ずしも直接耕作者ではなく，地主や領主の性格をもつ者であった。イスラム勢力の直接的な支配を受けなかったビジャヤナガル王国では，バラモンの地主以外に，レッディ，ベラーラ，ガウンダなどの非バラモン有力カーストの中から，数ヵ村ないし数十ヵ村の所領を支配し，水利権，徴税権，軍事権を保持する者も現れた。彼らの中でとくに有力な者はナーヤカと呼ばれ15世紀以降には数県にまたがる地域を一円支配する領主となる者もいたし，また，ナーッタム，パーライヤッカーラン(ポリガール)と呼ばれる地主･小領主層も南インドの南部に現れた。…

※「ガウンダ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報