A semi-agricultural, semi-pastoral ethnic group in southern Siberia, part of the Mongolian people. There are about 370,000 in Russia and about 40,000 in Mongolia. In Russia, they mainly live in the Republic of Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, etc. Formerly nomads living in tents in the mountains around Lake Baikal, they came into contact with Russians in the mid-17th century, settled down, and began farming. They grow wheat, potatoes, vegetables, and beets, raise cattle, horses, sheep, and camels, and engage in organized hunting. They live in a patrilineal clan system, with society divided into two classes, an upper class and a lower class. They believe in a religion that is a mixture of shamanism and Buddhism, and the eastern Buryats are more Buddhist due to the influence of the Khalkha Mongols. There are also a small number of Russian Orthodox Christians. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
南シベリアの半農半牧民でモンゴル人の一民族。ロシアに約 37万人,モンゴルに約4万人が住む。ロシアでは主としてブリヤート共和国,チタ,イルクーツクなどに居住している。以前はバイカル湖周辺の山地で天幕生活をする遊牧民であったが,17世紀中頃からロシア人と接触し,定着して農耕も行うようになった。コムギ,ジャガイモ,野菜,ビートを栽培し,ウシ,ウマ,ヒツジ,ラクダなどを飼育し,組織的な狩出し狩猟を行う。父系氏族制で,社会は上層,下層の2階級に分れる。シャーマニズムと仏教の混合した宗教を信じ,東部のブリヤート族はハルハ・モンゴルの影響でより仏教的である。少数のロシア正教徒もいる。
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