Spanish composer born in Cadiz. Of Valencian (paternal) and Catalan (motherly) descent, Falla was strongly influenced by his French friends Ducas, Debussy, and Ravel, but he also developed his own unique style based on Spanish folk material, achieving an accomplishment comparable to that of the Hungarian composer Bartók. He was taught piano by his mother from an early age and loved Chopin. From the late 1890s, he studied piano under José Trago, Chopin's disciple, at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Madrid, and from 1902 he studied composition under Felipe Pedrell (1841-1922), in the same city. He established his reputation as a composer with the opera La Vie en Viñes (1905). From 1907, he lived in Paris for seven years, where he formed friendships with Spanish-born pianists Viñes and Ducas. His symphonic impressionist work Nights in a Spanish Garden (1911-15) shows the influence of impressionism, but his two masterpieces, the ballet Au le Sorcerer (1914-15) and The Three-Cornered Hat (1918-19), which he composed in collaboration with Diaghilev, have a strong Spanish influence. He also showed an affinity with Stravinsky in the puppet opera "Puppet Show of Master Pedro" (1919-22) and the Harpsichord Concerto (1923-26). However, after he fell ill in 1936, when the Spanish Civil War broke out, he began to avoid public appearances, and in 1939 he traveled to Argentina, never to return to his home country, and died in Alta Gracia. There are few works worth seeing from his later years. [Funayama Nobuko] "Falla" by Kensaku Okitsu (1987, Ongaku No Tomosha) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スペインの作曲家。カディス生まれ。バレンシア地方(父方)とカタルーニャ地方(母方)の血を継ぐファリャは、フランスの友人デュカース、ドビュッシー、ラベルらに強い影響を受けたものの、スペインの民俗的素材をよりどころにした独自の作風を築き、ハンガリーのバルトークにも匹敵する功績を残した。 幼少より母にピアノの手ほどきを受け、ショパンを好んだ。1890年代後半からマドリード王立音楽院でショパンの孫弟子ホセ・トラゴにピアノを、1902年からは同地で作曲をペドレルFelipe Pedrell(1841―1922)に学び、オペラ『はかなき人生』(1905)によって作曲家の地位を築いた。07年から7年間パリに住み、スペイン生まれのピアノ奏者ビニェスや、デュカースらと親交を結んだ。交響的印象『スペインの庭の夜』(1911~15)は印象派の影響を示すが、二つの傑作バレエ『恋は魔術師』(1914~15)と、ディアギレフと組んで作曲した『三角帽子』(1918~19)には、スペイン色が濃く出ている。また人形劇オペラ『ペードロ親方の人形芝居』(1919~22)や、チェンバロ協奏曲(1923~26)にはストラビンスキーへの接近がみられる。しかし、スペイン内戦の勃発(ぼっぱつ)した36年に病を得てからは人前を避けるようになり、39年にはアルゼンチンに渡り、二度と祖国に戻ることなく、アルタ・グラシアに没した。晩年にはみるべき作品は少ない。 [船山信子] 『興津憲作著『ファリャ』(1987・音楽之友社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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