Hiroshima [Prefecture] - Hiroshima

Japanese: 広島[県] - ひろしま

A prefecture in the central Chugoku region, facing the Seto Inland Sea. The prefectural capital is Hiroshima City. Area: 8,479.45 ^km2 . Population: 2,867,500 (2010). [History] Formerly consisting of two provinces, Aki and Bingo, the prefecture was ruled by the Mori clan during the Sengoku period, and after the Battle of Sekigahara it was ruled by the Fukushima clan. After 1619 it became the territory of the Hiroshima Domain under the Asano clan, and the Fukuyama Domain under the Mizuno clan. Later the Abe clan became the lord of Fukuyama Domain. In 1871 the Hiroshima Domain became Hiroshima Prefecture, and the Fukuyama Domain became Fukuyama Prefecture, the latter of which was temporarily incorporated into Okayama Prefecture, before being separated and merged with Hiroshima Prefecture in 1876. [Nature] The northern part of the prefecture is divided into the Chugoku Mountains, the backbone of the mountain range, the central part is the Kibi Plateau and small basins that extend into Okayama Prefecture, and the southern part is largely mountainous. The rivers that flow into the Miyoshi Basin become the Gono River and flow into the Sea of Japan. The Ota River, Numata River, Ashida River, and others all flow south through the Kibi Plateau and into the Seto Inland Sea, forming small plains in their downstream basins. The largest plain is the delta downstream of the Ota River, on which Hiroshima City has developed. The coastline is extremely curved. Hiroshima Bay is dotted with Miyajima, Nomi Island, Kurahashi Island, and the Geiyo Islands stretching from the Akinada Sea to the Bingo Nada Sea. Being sandwiched between the Chugoku and Shikoku mountain ranges, the city has little influence from seasonal winds and generally has a warm, low-rainfall Seto Inland Sea climate, but the northern mountain ranges experience a lot of snowfall. The inland sea coast has a unique evening sun in summer. [Industry] The population composition by industry is 4.3% primary, 27.2% secondary, and 66.9% tertiary (2005). Mountainous areas make up about three-quarters of the prefecture's total area, and because arable land is limited, agriculture is small-scale, with a high proportion of part-time farmers. In the north of the prefecture, rice is cultivated, along with dairy farming, vegetables, and fruit cultivation, while in the south, inland vegetables and island fruit cultivation are the main industries. Grapes and peaches are cultivated in the Miyoshi Basin, and the Geiyo Islands, known for their cultivation of Satsuma mandarins, are shifting to cultivating hassaku and navel oranges. In the Kibi Plateau, breeding of Japanese beef, such as Jinseki beef, is popular. Timber, matsutake mushrooms, and pine resin are produced in the mountainous areas in the north and west. In the fishing industry, most of the produce is farmed, including oysters from Hiroshima Bay, which account for 49% of the national production, as well as yellowtail, sea bream, puffer fish, and seaweed. Modern industry developed after Kure became a naval port, and there are shipbuilding facilities in Kure, Innoshima, Onomichi, and Hiroshima, but the industry has been sluggish since the structural recession of the 1980s. There are machinery in Hiroshima and Mihara, automobiles and rubber in Hiroshima, metal smelting in Takehara, electrical and chemical industries in Higashi-Hiroshima and Fukuyama, steel manufacturing in Kure and Fukuyama, and a petrochemical complex in Otake that stretches across Iwakuni in Yamaguchi Prefecture. However, these major industries have generally been stagnant, and in recent years, the region has been working to attract cutting-edge high-technology companies to industrial parks along the Chugoku Expressway and Hiroshima Central Technopolis in an effort to advance its industries. Traditional industries are also thriving, and famous products include paper in Otake, sewing needles in Hiroshima, calligraphy brushes in Kumano, whetstones and files in Kure, ship nails in Fukuyama, wooden clogs, furniture in Fuchu, and Bingo kasuri fabrics in the Bingo region. Miyajima and Itsukushima Shrine, which belong to the Setonaikai National Park, the area around Onomichi, Sensuijima, Mt. Hiba, Mt. Dogo, and Taishaku Gorge in the Hiba-Dogo-Taishaku Quasi-National Park, and the mountainous area in the west belongs to the Nishi-Chugoku Mountains Quasi-National Park. In 1996, Itsukushima Shrine and the Atomic Bomb Dome were added to the World Heritage List of the World Heritage Convention. [Transportation] The Sanyo Main Line, Shinkansen and Kure Line, Sanyo Expressway, National Route 2 and 31, and the Chugoku, Hiroshima and Hamada Expressways that run through the inland area are the main lines. The Kabe Line, Geibi Line and Hiroshima Electric Railway connect Hiroshima, the Fukuen Line connects Fukuyama, the San'in Line connects Miyoshi and the Kisuki Line connects Bingo-Ochiai. Regular shipping routes connect the islands from Hiroshima, Kure and Mihara, and the Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Onomichi-Imabari Route (Shimanami Kaido) was completed in 1999. Hiroshima Nishi Airport is located in Hiroshima City, and the New Hiroshima Airport was completed in Hongo-cho (now Mihara City) in 1993.
→ Related topics Sanyo region | Chugoku region

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中国地方中部，瀬戸内海に面する県。県庁所在地は広島市。8479.45km²。286万750人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての安芸(あき)国，備後(びんご)国の２国にあたり，戦国時代毛利氏が支配，関ヶ原の戦以後福島氏，1619年以後浅野氏の広島藩領，水野氏の福山藩領となった。のち阿部氏が福山藩主となった。1871年広島藩は広島県，福山藩は福山県となり，後者は一時岡山県に編入，1876年分離して広島県と合併。〔自然〕　北部は脊梁(せきりょう)山地の中国山地，中部は岡山県に続く吉備(きび)高原と小盆地群，南部は瀬戸内海沿岸の平地と諸島部に大別され，山地が広い面積を占める。三次(みよし)盆地に集まる諸河川が江の川(ごうのがわ)となって日本海に注ぐほかは，太田川，沼田川，芦田川などいずれも吉備高原中を南流して瀬戸内海に注ぎ，下流域に小平野を形成する。最大の平野は太田川下流の三角州で，その上に広島市街が発達する。海岸線は屈曲が著しい。広島湾に宮島，能美島，倉橋島，安芸灘から備後灘にわたり芸予諸島が点在する。中国・四国両山地にはさまれるため季節風の影響が少なく，一般に温暖少雨の瀬戸内式気候を示すが，北部山地では積雪が多い。内海沿岸では夏，特有の夕なぎがある。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次4.3％，第２次27.2％，第３次66.9％（2005）。山地が全面積の約3/4を占め，耕地が狭いため農業は零細小規模で，第二種兼業農家の比率も高い。県北部では米作を中心に酪農，野菜，果樹栽培，南部では内陸部の野菜，島嶼部の果樹の栽培がおもなものである。三次盆地ではブドウ，モモなどが栽培され，温州ミカンの栽培で知られる芸予諸島ではハッサク，ネーブルなどへの転換が進む。吉備高原では神石(じんせき)牛などの和牛飼育が盛ん。北部，西部の山地から用材，マツタケ，松脂(まつやに)を産する。水産業では全国生産量の49％を占める広島湾のカキをはじめハマチ，タイ，フグ，ノリなど養殖が大半。近代工業は呉が軍港になって以後発達，呉，因島，尾道，広島に造船があるが，1980年代の構造不況以降，不振が続く。広島，三原の機械，広島の自動車とゴム，竹原の金属製錬，東広島，福山の電機と化学工業，呉，福山の製鉄のほか，大竹には山口県岩国にまたがる石油化学コンビナートがある。しかし，これら主力産業は概して停滞ぎみにあり，近年は中国自動車道沿いの工業団地や広島中央テクノポリスへの先端ハイテクノロジー企業の誘致を進め，産業の高度化を図っている。伝統工業も盛んで，大竹の紙，広島の縫針，熊野の毛筆，呉の砥石(といし)，やすり，福山の船釘，下駄，府中の家具，備後地方の備後絣(がすり)などが有名。瀬戸内海国立公園に属する宮島と厳島(いつくしま)神社，尾道周辺，仙酔島，比婆道後帝釈国定公園の比婆山，道後山，帝釈峡があり，西部の山地は西中国山地国定公園に属する。1996年，厳島神社と原爆ドームが世界遺産条約の文化遺産リストに登録された。〔交通〕　瀬戸内海沿岸の諸都市を結ぶ山陽本線・新幹線と呉線，山陽自動車道，国道２・31号線，内陸部を縦貫する中国・広島・浜田の各自動車道が幹線。広島から可部(かべ)線・芸備線・広島電鉄，福山から福塩線，三次から三江線，備後落合から木次(きすき)線が通じる。諸島へは広島・呉・三原などから定期航路が通じ，本州四国連絡橋尾道・今治ルート（しまなみ海道）は1999年に全通した。広島市内に広島西空港があり，1993年本郷町（現・三原市）に新広島空港が完成した。
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