Resisting authority through nonviolent means. On December 6, 1955, the Montgomery, Alabama, U.S. bus boycott began in opposition to racial discrimination on buses. Approximately 50,000 black citizens participated, and the boycott was victorious on December 21, 1956. This was a glorious victory for nonviolent resistance. The Rev. ML King, who led the boycott, pointed out the following five characteristics of nonviolent resistance: (1) it is not a method used by cowards, but rather a form of resistance; (2) it seeks to win friendship and understanding rather than defeat or insult those who oppose it; (3) the target of attack is not the person who does evil, but the power of evil itself; (4) it tolerates pain without retaliation; and (5) it does not hate those who oppose it, but rather treats them with love. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
非暴力の方法によって権力に抵抗すること。1955年12月6日,アメリカ合衆国アラバマ州モンゴメリーでバスの黒人差別に反対するバス・ボイコット闘争が始まり,約5万の黒人市民が参加,翌56年12月21日,闘争は勝利を収めた。これは非暴力抵抗の輝かしい勝利であった。この闘争を指導したM.L.キング牧師は,非暴力抵抗non‐violent resistanceの特徴として次の5点を指摘した。(1)臆病者が使う方法ではなく,あくまでも抵抗の一種である,(2)反対者の打倒や侮辱ではなく,友情と理解の獲得を求める,(3)攻撃の目標は悪を行う人間ではなく,悪そのものの力である,(4)報復せず苦痛を甘受する,(5)反対者を憎まず,あくまで愛をもって対する。
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