The capital of the province of Biscay in the Basque Country in northern Spain. Population 349,972 (2001). The largest industrial city in the north. It occupies both banks of the Nervion River, 12 km upstream from the Bay of Biscay, with the old town on the right bank and the modern new town with wide roads laid out in a planned manner on the left bank. Since the end of the 19th century, the surrounding iron mines have been developed by British capital, and industrialization has progressed rapidly, with the population increasing rapidly to 18,000 (1860) and 83,000 (1900). The river port on the left bank, equipped with modern facilities, is the number one in Spain in terms of cargo handling volume, with a large amount of imported cargo such as coal, oil, and pulp. The steel industry, which relies on the surrounding mine resources, is the center, and various industries such as various steel materials, machine tools, shipbuilding, glass and ceramics, fertilizer, cement, and paper are located on the coast. The city is also the center of financial activity in Spain, with banks such as Bank of Bilbao and Bank of Vizcaya located in the city. It is famous for its August festival, which features bullfights and pelota (a ball game unique to Spain) championships. [Yutaka Tanabe and Yumiko Takizawa] historyIt was founded in 1300 by a nobleman who disliked the rule of the Kingdom of Castile. After the 15th century, it grew into a commercial city and flourished as a trade stop between Castile and France and Flanders (Belgium), and as a shipping point for iron and fish caught here. It prospered in the 17th century due to trade with Britain, and in the late 18th century due to trade with American colonies after the abolition of the Andalusian monopoly. In the 19th century, full-scale iron mine development and ironworking began, and it became a financial center on par with Madrid. Unlike the rural areas, the liberal faction was strong, and it was frequently attacked by the Carlists during the Carlist Wars that began in 1833. It was also relatively indifferent to the Basque nationalist movement that arose at the end of the 19th century, and the workers in particular leaned toward socialism. In the Spanish Civil War that began in 1936, it sided with the Republic, was given autonomy, and a Basque Autonomous Government was established, but it was occupied by the Franco side in June 1937. [Jiro Nakatsuka] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スペイン北部、バスク地方ビスカヤ県の県都。人口34万9972(2001)。北部最大の工業都市。ビスケー(ビスカヤ)湾から12キロメートル上流のネルビオン川の両岸を占め、右岸に旧市街が、左岸に広い道路が計画的に敷かれた近代的な新市街が広がる。19世紀末からイギリス資本により周辺鉄鉱山が開発されて工業化が急速に進み、人口も1万8000(1860)、8万3000(1900)と急増した。近代的設備の整った河港は左岸にあり、その貨物取扱量はスペイン第1位で、石炭、石油、パルプなどの輸入貨物が多い。周辺の鉱山資源に依拠した鉄鋼業を中心に、各種鋼材、工作機械、造船、ガラスおよびセラミックス、肥料、セメント、製紙など、多様な工業が沿岸部に立地する。また、市街地にはビルバオ銀行やビスカヤ銀行などが立地し、スペイン金融活動の中心地ともなっている。闘牛とペロタ(スペイン特有の球技)選手権が行われる8月の祭りが有名である。 [田辺 裕・滝沢由美子] 歴史1300年、カスティーリャ王国の支配を嫌った貴族が町を建設したことに始まる。15世紀以後、フランスやフランドル(ベルギー)とカスティーリャとの交易経由地として、また、ここで産出される鉄や漁獲物の発送地として、商業都市に成長、活況を呈した。17世紀には対イギリス貿易により、18世紀後半にはアンダルシアの独占権の廃止に伴う対アメリカ植民地との貿易によって繁栄をみた。19世紀には本格的な鉄鉱山開発、製鉄業が開始され、それによってマドリードと並ぶ金融の中心ともなる。農村部とは異なり自由主義派が強く、1833年に始まるカルリスタ戦争ではたびたびカルリスタの攻撃を受けた。19世紀末におこったバスク民族運動に対しても比較的冷淡で、労働者を中心に社会主義に傾いていった。1936年に始まったスペイン内戦では共和国側につき、自治権を与えられてバスク自治政府が置かれたが、37年6月にフランコ側に占領された。 [中塚次郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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