Nageshi - Nageshi

A horizontal member that is nailed to the surface of a pillar to connect each pillar. In ancient times, the nageshi was one of the important structural members for the framework, and in addition to inserting a kashiranuki (head beam) at the top of the pillar, the nageshi was nailed to the middle of the pillars to connect them and prevent them from moving sideways. From the Middle Ages onwards, with the introduction of the Chinese Song Dynasty style, nage that penetrated the pillars was used to connect the pillars, and as a result, nageshi came to have the character of a decorative material.

The nageshi are given different names depending on where they are nailed to, and are divided into tenon nageshi that run under the ceiling veranda, uchi-nori nageshi that are attached directly above the door opening and lintel, ari-kabe nageshi when a dovetail wall is installed above the small wall between the ceiling and the veranda, koshi nageshi that are nailed to the bottom of windows and around the waist, and jino nageshi that connect the bottom of pillars, as well as kirime nageshi that are attached under the enita board under the threshold when a veranda is installed on the outside of a room, and rim nageshi that are attached near the edge on the back side of the uchi-nori nageshi. Note that uchi-nori nageshi is the most common, so it is often simply called nageshi.

[Kudou Yoshiaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

柱の表面に釘(くぎ)で打ち付けて各柱を連結する横材。古代では長押は重要な軸組用構造材の一つで、柱の頂部に頭貫(かしらぬき)が入れられたほかは、柱の中間では長押を打ち付けて各柱を連結し、柱の横への移動を防ぐ方法がとられた。中世以降になると、中国の宋(そう)様式の導入によって、柱を連結する材としては、柱を貫通させる貫が用いられ、そのため長押は化粧材の性格をもつようになった。

　長押は打ち付けられる場所によってそれぞれ名称を異にし、天井回縁(まわりぶち)の下に巡る天井長押、扉口や鴨居(かもい)の真上につく内法(うちのり)長押、天井と内法の間の小壁上方に蟻壁(ありかべ)を設けた場合には蟻壁長押、窓下や腰回りに打ち付けられる腰長押、柱の最下部をつなぐ地長押のほか、部屋の外側に回縁(まわりえん)を設けた場合、敷居下の縁板(えんいた)下に取り付ける切目(きりめ)長押、内法長押の裏側の縁(えん)寄りに取り付けられる縁長押などに分けられる。なお、内法長押がもっとも一般的なので、これを単に長押ということが多い。

［工藤圭章］

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