A term in solid-state physics, it is an important concept in thermionic emission and photoemission. To emit electrons from a metal or semiconductor from its surface, some kind of energy, such as heat or light, must be given to the electrons. This energy has a certain relationship with temperature, and decreases as the temperature rises. The work function is the energy required to emit an electron at absolute zero, expressed in electron volts, and corresponds to the difference between the electric potential of the outside world (vacuum) and the Fermi potential, which is the average energy level of electrons in a metal or semiconductor. Work functions vary depending on metals and semiconductors, and in semiconductors they also vary depending on the impurity concentration. Examples are sodium 2.28, barium 2.51, gold 4.90, platinum 5.32, and tungsten 4.52. Alkali metals are often used for photocathode because their work functions are in the visible light energy range. [Michinori Iwata] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
固体物理学の用語で、熱電子放出や光電子放出における重要な概念の一つ。金属や半導体内にある電子を表面から外部に放出させるためには、熱とか光など、なんらかのエネルギーを電子に与える必要がある。このエネルギーは温度と一定の関係があり、温度が上がるとともに減少する。仕事関数とは、絶対零度における電子放出のためのエネルギーを電子ボルト単位で表したもので、外界(真空)の電位と、金属や半導体の電子の平均エネルギー準位であるフェルミポテンシャルとの差に相当する。仕事関数は金属や半導体で異なり、半導体では不純物濃度によっても異なる。たとえばナトリウム2.28、バリウム2.51、金4.90、白金5.32、タングステン4.52などである。アルカリ金属が光電面によく利用されるのは、仕事関数が可視光のエネルギー域にあることによる。 [岩田倫典] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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