Norwegian physicist. Professor at Royal Frederik University (now Oslo). In 1903, from an experiment on the effect of a magnetic field on a high-voltage arc, he discovered that an arc spread into a disk shape by a magnetic field increases the efficiency of nitrogen oxidation at high temperatures, and obtained the first patent for a method of fixing nitrogen in the air. The following year, in 1904, he succeeded in industrializing the process with the help of mechanical engineer Eide, and from 1905, it was produced on a large scale by the Norwegian Hydroelectric Fertilizer Company. The product was called Norwegian saltpeter, but since this method could only be carried out in places where electricity was cheap, it disappeared when Haber's ammonia synthesis method was industrialized. He also conducted research on geomagnetism and the aurora. He came to Japan in 1917 (Taisho 6), but committed suicide in Tokyo. [Kato Kunioki] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ノルウェーの物理学者。王立フレデリック(現在のオスロ)大学教授。1903年に高電圧のアークに対する磁場の影響についての実験から、磁場で円盤状に広げたアークが高温での窒素酸化の効率を高めることを発見して、空中窒素固定法の最初の特許を得た。翌1904年、機械技師のアイデの協力を得て工業化に成功、1905年よりノルウェー水力電気肥料会社により大規模に生産した。製品はノルウェー硝石とよばれたが、電力の安価な場所でなければ成立しえない方式であり、ハーバーのアンモニア合成法が工業化されることにより消滅した。ほかに、地磁気およびオーロラについての研究がある。1917年(大正6)来日したが、東京で自殺した。 [加藤邦興] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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