Kristian Birkeland

Japanese: ビルケラン - びるけらん(英語表記)Kristian Birkeland
Kristian Birkeland

Norwegian physicist. Professor at Royal Frederik University (now Oslo). In 1903, from an experiment on the effect of a magnetic field on a high-voltage arc, he discovered that an arc spread into a disk shape by a magnetic field increases the efficiency of nitrogen oxidation at high temperatures, and obtained the first patent for a method of fixing nitrogen in the air. The following year, in 1904, he succeeded in industrializing the process with the help of mechanical engineer Eide, and from 1905, it was produced on a large scale by the Norwegian Hydroelectric Fertilizer Company. The product was called Norwegian saltpeter, but since this method could only be carried out in places where electricity was cheap, it disappeared when Haber's ammonia synthesis method was industrialized. He also conducted research on geomagnetism and the aurora. He came to Japan in 1917 (Taisho 6), but committed suicide in Tokyo.

[Kato Kunioki]

[References] | Aide | Atmospheric nitrogen fixation | Harbor

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ノルウェーの物理学者。王立フレデリック(現在のオスロ)大学教授。1903年に高電圧のアークに対する磁場の影響についての実験から、磁場で円盤状に広げたアークが高温での窒素酸化の効率を高めることを発見して、空中窒素固定法の最初の特許を得た。翌1904年、機械技師のアイデの協力を得て工業化に成功、1905年よりノルウェー水力電気肥料会社により大規模に生産した。製品はノルウェー硝石とよばれたが、電力の安価な場所でなければ成立しえない方式であり、ハーバーのアンモニア合成法が工業化されることにより消滅した。ほかに、地磁気およびオーロラについての研究がある。1917年(大正6)来日したが、東京で自殺した。

[加藤邦興]

[参照項目] | アイデ | 空中窒素固定 | ハーバー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Hiruko - Hiruko

>>:  Birkebeiner (English spelling)

Recommend

Bubolus quarlesi (English spelling) Bubolusquarlesi

…[Yoshinori Imaizumi]. … *Some of the terminology...

Kineimo - Kineimo

...They are mostly grown in cold regions such as ...

Emotion - Jou

〘noun〙① The emotional response that arises from so...

Yucheng

...Many of Japan's vegetables were brought ba...

Gogaku - Gogaku

Also called Gogakko, Gogakusho, or Gogakko. A type...

Papal Secretary of the Treasury

…Until 1904, the Catholic monarchs still had the ...

Gully (English spelling)

Also called a gully or rain valley. A groove-like ...

Mussel (Mytilus coruscus) (Mytilus crassitesta)

A black bivalve mollusk that grows in colonies on ...

Tenaga

In the early modern period, this was a local admin...

Passerinae

…The subfamily Bubalornithinae includes the Afric...

Regressive tax - Gyakushinzei (English spelling)

A tax is a tax in which the ratio of the tax burde...

Tanakia tanago (English spelling)

... In Japan, there are two species that have bee...

Marxist jurisprudence

A field of study that seeks to elucidate law and ...

Chamaepetes

...A general term for a group of birds in the fam...