Gogaku - Gogaku

Japanese: 郷学 - ごうがく

Also called Gogakko, Gogakusho, or Gogakko. A type of educational institution that existed from the Edo period to the early Meiji period, there are two types: one for the children of feudal lords, similar to the Domain Schools, and one for the common people. The former were simplified versions of Domain Schools and were often established in remote areas of the domain, enclaves, or fiefs of senior vassals of large domains, while the latter ranged from handwriting schools to large, advanced schools such as Kaitokudo in Osaka in the 18th century. Over a hundred schools were established from the end of the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period. All of them focused on reading, writing, calligraphy, and arithmetic. Many of the Gogakko schools in the Meiji period were run by towns and villages or town and village associations, and were the forerunners of modern public elementary schools. After the promulgation of the Education System in 1872 (Meiji 5), many were reorganized into elementary and junior high schools.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

郷校，郷学所，郷学校ともいう。江戸時代から明治初期にかけ存在した教育機関の一つで，藩校に準じた藩士の子弟を対象としたものと，庶民を対象としたものとの2種がある。前者は藩校を簡易化したもので領内の僻地，飛地，大藩の重臣の知行地などに多く設立され，後者は手習所的なものから 18世紀の大坂の懐徳堂などのような大規模かつ高等なものまである。江戸時代末期から明治初年にかけて，百数十校が設置された。いずれも読み書き，習字，算術が中心であった。明治の郷学は町村ないし町村組合の経営が多く，近代公立小学校への先駆になった。明治5 (1872) 年の学制発布以後，小・中学校へ改組されたものが多い。

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