A tax is a tax in which the ratio of the tax burden to the income of the taxpayer decreases as the income rises. For example, when a commodity tax is levied at a fixed rate on necessities of life, the tax rate is fixed for the quantity or value of the commodity that is the tax base, so in a formal sense, this tax can be said to be a proportional tax. However, in reality, the consumption of necessities of life does not increase in proportion to an increase in income, and when considering the ratio of the commodity tax burden to the consumer's household income (burden rate), it is thought to be heavy on low-income earners and to decrease as income rises. For this reason, indirect taxes on necessities of life are considered regressive taxes. (→ Progressive Tax) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ある租税の負担者の所得に対するその租税負担額の割合が,所得が上昇するにつれて低下するような性質の租税をいう。たとえば生活必需品に一定税率の物品税が賦課された場合に,形式的に考えれば課税標準となるその物品の量または価額に対する課税率は一定であるので,この税は比例税であるといえる。しかし実際には,生活必需品の消費は所得の上昇に比例してふえるわけではなく,消費者の家計の所得に対する物品税の負担額の割合 (負担率) を考えると,低所得者に重く,所得の上昇に伴って低下するものと考えられる。このため生活必需品に対する間接税は逆進税とみなされる。 (→累進税 )
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